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Very good vid, Trish, and very very scary...Quote:
Originally Posted by trish
The US Department of Energy has released a preview of its Annual Energy Outlook for 2014, and it is clear that if the current trends are maintained the US will be in an intriguing position over the coming decades to say 2040: the 'fracking' revolution promises to simultanously increase domestic gas supplies, reducing foreign imports; while the increased volume pushing prices down will enable power generators to swap carbon-emitting coal for gas: on the other side of the coin, this means a decline in the coal industry in the USA which must impact on communities in those states where coal is still sort-of-king; and if world prices in gas decline then so do revenues for major gas producers such as Russia and Qatar, as well as the private companies like Shell whom the US relies on to invest in its energy sector. This may benefit smaller companies, but do smaller companies have the long-established process safety mechanisms that the supermajors like Shell and Exxon have? Fracking is bursting ahead in the US in spite of genuine environmental concerns.
I wonder how Americans see this changing energy profile in the context of the Obama Presidency, after all, the new lease life given to hydrocarbons has seriously undermined the alternative energy agenda...yet Obama could benefit from it as 'energy security' is happening on his watch...
There is a precis here, and a link to the DoE website after (the precis is from Oil & Gas IQ Newsletter).
Yesterday, the Energy Information Agency (EIA) released its abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook 2014 with projections for “trends and issues that could have major implications for U.S. energy markets” up to 2040.
The report forecasts a year-on-year increase of two per cent in natural gas production for the 2012-2040 period, culminating in a total US domestic production of 37.6 trillion cubic feet (1.06 trillion cubic metres) per annum, 56 per cent higher than current levels and 37 per cent higher than world-leader Russia’s natural gas output in 2013. Concomitantly, gas imports from key energy partners will fall by as much as 30 per cent as domestic supply grows to fill demand, and exports to continental neighbours Mexico and Canada will increase by six per cent and 1.2 per cent per year respectively.
Perhaps even more interesting, is the projection that price decreases will facilitate natural gas to overtake coal as the primary provider of US power generation, delivering more than one third of the nation’s electricity by 2035 and allowing the country to dip below a CO2 emissions level of six billion metric tonnes for the first time since 2005. As positive as the promise of America’s energy future may be, it will all come down to price. The recent shelving of Shell’s $20 billion GTL plant in Louisiana has showed the reluctance of companies to make huge capex investments when natural gas prices are not guaranteed to stay feasibly low.
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/er/
What’s wrong with these statements?
- I believe in global warming.
- I don’t believe in global warming.
- We should hear all sides of the climate change debate and decide for ourselves.
Don’t see it? How about these?
- I believe in photosynthesis.
- I don’t believe in Newton’s Laws of Motion.
- We should hear all sides of the quantum mechanics debate and decide for ourselves.
Climate change is a scientific phenomenon, rooted in physics and chemistry. All I did was substitute in other scientific phenomena, and the statements suddenly sounded wacky and irrational.
Perhaps we have become desensitized by people conflating opinion with fact when it comes to climate change. However, the positions of politicians or media outlets do not make the climate system any less of a physical process. Unlike, say, ideology, there is a physical truth out there.
If there is a physical truth, there are also wrong answers and false explanations. In scientific issues, not every “belief” is equally valid.
Of course, the physical truth is elusive, and facts are not always clear-cut. Data requires interpretation and a lot of math. Uncertainty is omnipresent and must be quantified. These processes require training, as nobody is born with all the skills required to be a good scientist. Again, the complex nature of the physical world means that some voices are more important than others.
Does that mean we should blindly accept whatever a scientist says, just because they have a Ph.D.? Of course not. People aren’t perfect, and scientists are no exception.
However, the institution of science has a pretty good system to weed out incorrect or unsupported theories. It involves peer review, and critical thinking, and falsifiability. We can’t completely prove anything right – not one hundred percent – so scientists try really hard to prove a given theory wrong. If they can’t, their confidence in its accuracy goes up. As Peter Watts (science fiction author and marine-mammal biologist) says, “You put your model out there in the coliseum, and a bunch of guys in white coats kick the s**t out of it. If it’s still alive when the dust clears, your brainchild receives conditional acceptance. It does not get rejected. This time.”
Peer review is an imperfect process, but it’s far better than nothing. Combined with the technical skill and experience of scientists, it makes the words of the scientific community far more trustworthy than the words of a politician or a journalist. That doesn’t mean that science is always right. But, if you had to put your money on it, who would you bet on?
The issue is further complicated by the fact that scientists are rarely unanimous. Often, the issue at question is truly a mystery, and the disagreement is widespread. What causes El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean? Science can’t give us a clear answer yet.
However, sometimes disagreement is restricted to the extreme minority. This is called a consensus. It doesn’t imply unanimity, and it doesn’t mean that the issue is closed, but general confidence in a theory is so high that science accepts it and moves on. Even today, a few researchers will tell you that HIV doesn’t cause AIDS, or that secondhand smoke isn’t harmful to your health. But that doesn’t stop medical scientists from studying the finer details of such diseases, or governments from funding programs to help people quit smoking. Science isn’t a majority-rules democracy, but if virtually all scientists have the same position on an issue, they probably have some pretty good reasons.
If science is never certain, and almost never unanimous, what are we supposed to do? How do we choose who to trust? Trusting nobody but yourself would be a poor choice. Chances are, others are more qualified than you, and you don’t hold the entirety of human knowledge in your head. For policy-relevant science, ignoring the issue completely until one side is proven right could also be disastrous. Inaction itself is a policy choice, which we see in some governments’ responses to climate change.
Let’s bring the whole issue down to a more personal level. Imagine you were ill, and twenty well-respected doctors independently examined you and said that surgery was required to save your life. One doctor, however, said that your illness was all in your mind, that you were healthy as a horse. Should you wait in bed until the doctors all agreed? Should you go home to avoid surgery that might be unnecessary? Or should you pay attention to the relative size and credibility of each group, as well as the risks involved, and choose the course of action that would most likely save your life?
Excellent post Martin, very well argued. Send it to James Delingpole c/o Daily Telegraph, or Lord Lawson of Blaby, c/o the Bullshit Foundation.
Ice in Antarctica Proves 'Global Cooling', says Fox Host
Ice in Antarctica Proves 'Global Cooling', says Fox Host - YouTube
US polar vortex may be example of global warming:
http://www.theguardian.com/environme...global-warming