I hate it when those english/euro folks hijack a thread

[buckjohnson]

When the English/Euros cats &dolls start commenting on a particular interesting thread, the thread immediately becomes so unreadable that I have to move on, often w/o commenting. Their comments hijacks a thread as they write about themselves and each other, each comment dragging the thread down making it as boring as a Shakespere play/sonnet. They try to out-erudite each other, like a badly written old English comedy show parody of the English culture (or the old Living Color prisioner sketch) And their reviews of escorts are=silly and humerous...unintentionally. They write about how bad the locations where the escorts live at, how the escorts dont look like their picture, how much the guys like getting fucked in the ass...etc... Well escorts, esp. TG escorts, at least here in America, are not living in gated communties. Trust me, I lived in a few, no escort can afford, nor will they be allowed to live in one. So they are going to be living in some shady areas. You do shady bzness, you conduct it in a shady area. Escorts are slso not staying in high class hotels, esp TG escorts. Again affordibilty and hotel security stops that. You do not build a trash plant , jaiil, crack house in Bexley Oh...(google/bing it) And no one, including these Euro punters look like their pictures. When I take a female who I met 3 hours earlier on CL to fuck @ 3am in the grass at a city park I am not taking a snapshot copy if her with me for comparsion. I just want to fuck every hole availible, and do not care where she lives or want something up my ass. Dont care how hard or large, not worried about ambience and the name of some old dead Russian poet.

[rjshemalelover]

Some of my girlfriends friends are escorts/hookers (call it was it is) Anyways a lot of girls that escort actually do make a decent amount of money and stay in nicer hotels. If they wouldn't blow the money on shopping sprees and drugs they would be able to live a very high class lifestyle.

[danthepoetman]

I don't know about the reviews, Buck, but for the rest, it's called interacting. This is a forum. We're in the free discussion section. We talk toghether and enjoy each other's company! Besides, I really don't know why you would target only English folks. Many Americans participate to such exchanges...

[Jimmy W]

When I watch a PRIVATE video, I can't help but laugh when French guys grunt out 'Oui! Oui! Oui!' ...it sounds like a little kid on a carnival ride going 'Weee! Weee ! Weee!' That's all.

[Jericho]

When the English/Euros cats &dolls start commenting on a particular interesting thread, the thread immediately becomes so unreadable that I have to move on, often w/o commenting.

Well chaps, i feel our work here is done! :shrug

[EvaCassini]

Well chaps, i feel our work here is done! :shrug

hahaha Jericho, you always tickle me :)

[Prospero]

Poor buck. He flunked outta school and has been feeling inadequate ever since

and as for that fucking Shakespeare... what a fucking bore

[Jericho]

hahaha Jericho, you always tickle me :)

(They say make them laugh and yer half way home).
Right me dear, about that drink...? :whistle:

[Jericho]

....
http://forum-img.pinside.com/pinball/forum/?bb_attachments=776403&bbat=88318&inline

[Amy Gray]

Ugh, white people are the worst! They're always being all white and whatnot!

[Stavros]

When the English/Euros cats &dolls start commenting on a particular interesting thread, the thread immediately becomes so unreadable that I have to move on, often w/o commenting. Their comments hijacks a thread as they write about themselves and each other, each comment dragging the thread down making it as boring as a Shakespere play/sonnet...

Teach not thy lips such scorn, for they were made
for kissing, Buck, not for such contempt...

[Dino Velvet]

I think that's how those characters court their ladies. I'd rather dome 'em with a Whiskey bottle or throw a sack over their head like my Grandpappy did back in Old Country to my Grandma.

[robertlouis]

Buck is absolutely right. We Brits should just piss off and leave the forum to them good ol' merkins.

What a berk.

[Dino Velvet]

Buck is absolutely right. We Brits should just piss off and leave the forum to them good ol' merkins.

What a berk.

Bullshit. The contrast and differences between our people is half the fun. You guys have the keys anyway and I'd need to crawl through a window to post.

[robertlouis]

Ugh, white people are the worst! They're always being all white and whatnot!



Careful Amy. Naughty girl.

[danthepoetman]

The place might look like this, without you, guys, litterally and metaphorically...
http://www.101-charger.com/jeux/desert/Desert-Oasis-Libya.jpg

[robertlouis]

And no one, including these Euro punters look like their pictures.

Bloody hell Buck, so that must be you in that avatar pic?

Well, I never.

BTW that is me in my avatar for the elimination of any doubt.

Though I rarely if ever carry a guitar when having sex. Dried cum spoils the tone. :dancing:

[dderek123]

People usually don't get tired of the gifs I post.
But when they do ...

http://weknowgifs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/i-dont-give-a-fuck-boba-fett-gif.gif

[Willie Escalade]

The place might look like this, without you, guys, litterally and metaphorically...
http://www.101-charger.com/jeux/desert/Desert-Oasis-Libya.jpg
You mean just north of Palm Springs?

[fred41]

every now and then, (perhaps with the help of alcohol...or the "defense" of alcohol later on )...a poster will show himself to be the ignorant mother fucker he really is.

[Dino Velvet]

People usually don't get tired of the gifs I post.
But when they do ...

http://weknowgifs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/i-dont-give-a-fuck-boba-fett-gif.gif

I definitely give a shit even when I'm not consistent.

http://i614.photobucket.com/albums/tt221/My_Farts_Cause_Global_Warming/ExplosiveDiarrhea.gif

[Genetic]

When the English/Euros cats &dolls start commenting on a particular interesting thread, the thread immediately becomes so unreadable that I have to move on, often w/o commenting. Their comments hijacks a thread as they write about themselves and each other, each comment dragging the thread down making it as boring as a Shakespere play/sonnet. They try to out-erudite each other, like a badly written old English comedy show parody of the English culture (or the old Living Color prisioner sketch) And their reviews of escorts are=silly and humerous...unintentionally. They write about how bad the locations where the escorts live at, how the escorts dont look like their picture, how much the guys like getting fucked in the ass...etc... Well escorts, esp. TG escorts, at least here in America, are not living in gated communties. Trust me, I lived in a few, no escort can afford, nor will they be allowed to live in one. So they are going to be living in some shady areas. You do shady bzness, you conduct it in a shady area. Escorts are slso not staying in high class hotels, esp TG escorts. Again affordibilty and hotel security stops that. You do not build a trash plant , jaiil, crack house in Bexley Oh...(google/bing it) And no one, including these Euro punters look like their pictures. When I take a female who I met 3 hours earlier on CL to fuck @ 3am in the grass at a city park I am not taking a snapshot copy if her with me for comparsion. I just want to fuck every hole availible, and do not care where she lives or want something up my ass. Dont care how hard or large, not worried about ambience and the name of some old dead Russian poet.

http://media.tumblr.com/c7355e978dfd1e6dc47e8d58aba4867d/tumblr_inline_mfhgtgelGi1rsf16v.jpg

[robertlouis]

You mean just north of Palm Springs?



Nah Willie. That's the beach at Southport in Lancashire when the tide's out.

[dderek123]

http://media.tumblr.com/c7355e978dfd1e6dc47e8d58aba4867d/tumblr_inline_mfhgtgelGi1rsf16v.jpg

Classic Father Ted!

http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m3tvy43k931r7eveq.jpg

[fred41]

...some of you guys are being way kinder about this then you need to be...and I respect you for it.
..sometimes I wish i could be like that.

I'm working on it.

[dderek123]

I definitely give a shit even when I'm not consistent.

http://i614.photobucket.com/albums/tt221/My_Farts_Cause_Global_Warming/ExplosiveDiarrhea.gif

Wow he got some distance on that one.

This thread was just begging to be hijacked from the get go.

https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTxLmAKZiNSYqmFijMPNC730LAzJgk1x H8n_3UsPbOF2ZB1Zpx9eg

[rockabilly]

And now for something completely different

[Dino Velvet]

And now for something completely different

http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lr2zxztNxv1qc2036o1_500.gif

http://25.media.tumblr.com/4596a30a7930f8d7d630e9df4e87c68f/tumblr_mkfks9K1GB1re9woeo1_500.gif

[danthepoetman]

http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQlUusi4QLWTWPoTCy0ZUkUq58DGLXH6 QX_y9mHgAKoPeC6W05o

[dderek123]

If there are a bunch of threads on here that I don't like ...

http://i.imgur.com/tNC2lZ4.jpg

[Quiet Reflections]

the best thing about this thread is that it hasn't been hijacked yet and it is practically begging for it

[Willie Escalade]

So...will the Heat beat San Antonio today to win the title? I damn sure hope not.

[dderek123]

the best thing about this thread is that it hasn't been hijacked yet and it is practically begging for it

It hasn't?

Hmm so what would qualify as a properly hijacked thread? Is there like a minimum number of off topic posts needed?

[robertlouis]

So...will the Heat beat San Antonio today to win the title? I damn sure hope not.

Damn Merkins hijacking threads with their weird ways and vocabulary.... ;)

[Dino Velvet]

http://static.themoscowtimes.com/upload/iblock/788/p1.jpg

[sukumvit boy]

The lady doth protest too much , methinks.

[danthepoetman]

....

[Dino Velvet]

http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m5aewtWsvT1rwjj5xo1_250.gif

http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/tumblr_md2n6dLqqF1rfgfeyo1_500.gif

[dderek123]

Damn Merkins hijacking threads with their weird ways and vocabulary.... ;)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vJn5XxWg9U&t=0m1s

'Murica Fuck Yeah!

[Dino Velvet]

Worst Sports Announcer Ever - YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flih6x1NKmM)

[dderek123]

Was he talking about a pie? That was funny.

[robertlouis]

If I may, good people of HA, a brief tangent.


Mr Velvet sir, Dino, I want to make sure that I'm present when you finally cross that magnificent 20,000 post line.

Aside from your wit, wisdom and sheer stamina, it will prove once and for all that you have wasted more time in this place than almost 50% of all the posters put together.

A wonderful achievement. :Bowdown::Bowdown::Bowdown:

Seriously, buddy, it ought to be marked in some way. Mods?

I suggest a Best/Worst of Dino thread to celebrate. Although it will be very tough to define where one category leaves off and the other begins....... :whistle:



Hey guys, how's THAT for a hijack? :dancing: :party:

[danthepoetman]

Was he talking about a pie? That was funny.
I definitely heard something about a pie...

[robertlouis]

Was he talking about a pie? That was funny.

Nope, I couldn't make it out either. It might have been English but it's hard to tell.

[danthepoetman]

If I may, good people of HA, a brief tangent.


Mr Velvet sir, Dino, I want to make sure that I'm present when you finally cross that magnificent 20,000 post line.

Aside from your wit, wisdom and sheer stamina, it will prove once and for all that you have wasted more time in this place than almost 50% of all the posters put together.

A wonderful achievement. :Bowdown::Bowdown::Bowdown:

Seriously, buddy, it ought to be marked in some way. Mods?

I suggest a Best/Worst of Dino thread to celebrate. Although it will be very tough to define where one category leaves off and the other begins....... :whistle:
Great ideas! We celebrated his 15 000 last year with a thread. It should be something more special this time. And Dino should have a different title; "Platinum Poster" is far from being good enough. I suggest "Dean of HA" or "Honorary Dean" or something... Without Dino, this place is crumbling...

[fred41]

Hey Dino,
I know we always say "don't!"...
..But I think in this thread it might be time to"unleash the hounds.."
..and I think you know what I mean...lol.

[Dino Velvet]

I don't want anyone to notice. Embarrassing.

[Dino Velvet]

Mr Velvet sir, Dino, I want to make sure that I'm present when you finally cross that magnificent 20,000 post line.

Better not blink then. You know how fast I can write 45 posts?

http://img62.imageshack.us/img62/5623/threadjack.jpg

[robertlouis]

Better not blink then. You know how fast I can write 45 posts?

http://img62.imageshack.us/img62/5623/threadjack.jpg

I might just miss it then. :(

Early start so I'm about to head for bed. If you hit it while I'm gone, mighty congrats anyway.

You're a major part of the glue that holds this place together.

Although I don't want to spend too much time thinking about the ingredients for that glue..... :hide-1:

[amberskyi]

When the English/Euros cats &dolls start commenting on a particular interesting thread, the thread immediately becomes so unreadable that I have to move on, often w/o commenting. Their comments hijacks a thread as they write about themselves and each other, each comment dragging the thread down making it as boring as a Shakespere play/sonnet. They try to out-erudite each other, like a badly written old English comedy show parody of the English culture (or the old Living Color prisioner sketch) And their reviews of escorts are=silly and humerous...unintentionally. They write about how bad the locations where the escorts live at, how the escorts dont look like their picture, how much the guys like getting fucked in the ass...etc... Well escorts, esp. TG escorts, at least here in America, are not living in gated communties. Trust me, I lived in a few, no escort can afford, nor will they be allowed to live in one. So they are going to be living in some shady areas. You do shady bzness, you conduct it in a shady area. Escorts are slso not staying in high class hotels, esp TG escorts. Again affordibilty and hotel security stops that. You do not build a trash plant , jaiil, crack house in Bexley Oh...(google/bing it) And no one, including these Euro punters look like their pictures. When I take a female who I met 3 hours earlier on CL to fuck @ 3am in the grass at a city park I am not taking a snapshot copy if her with me for comparsion. I just want to fuck every hole availible, and do not care where she lives or want something up my ass. Dont care how hard or large, not worried about ambience and the name of some old dead Russian poet.
While i don't live in a gated community i live in a family oriented neighborhood.its not upscale but its clean, low crime and no pest problems.
When i tour i do try to stay in at least three star hotels because after having a knife pulled on me two years ago i like the extra feeling of security.
Now stop with your silly, stupid generalizations.

[nysprod]

I hate the English/Euro trash under any circumstances LMAOooo

[robertlouis]

While i don't live in a gated community i live in a family oriented neighborhood.its not upscale but its clean, low crime and no pest problems.
When i tour i do try to stay in at least three star hotels because after having a knife pulled on me two years ago i like the extra feeling of security.
Now stop with your silly, stupid generalizations.

Thank you, Amber.

We've had a lot of fun with the OP, but he did say a lot of dumb things, most of them unconnected with the rest. Sounded pretty much like a racist outpouring of blind prejudice. But then, old Buck has plenty of form with that.

[Willie Escalade]

Thought this would be fitting in this thread...

Bad British Baseball Commentary | Red Sox vs Yankees - YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKY5fmDGVLs)

[robertlouis]

I hate the English/Euro trash under any circumstances LMAOooo

Hey, that's great. The feeling's mutual, you asshat. :dancing: ;)

[fred41]

Thought this would be fitting in this thread...

LMAO...don't know what you googled to find that but.....funny!!!

[Dino Velvet]

What the heck kinda Scouser talk is this?

Gypsy John Kenny vs Gary Welsh.mp4 - YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_rb2-Fx6G8)

[robertlouis]

Thought this would be fitting in this thread...



It's the same with you guys, Willie. Take a game that isn't much valued in the US like soccer. Your commentaries focus on the kind of detailed statistical analysis that bedevils gridiron, but the game moves too fast for the commentators to keep up and it's invariably an incoherent mess, plus your vocabulary is unique and makes no sense to anyone who actually knows the game.

Now, with the Brits and baseball it's much the same. When you couldn't really give a shit one way or the other about the outcome, you don't put your best guys behind the mic either.

I'm only surprised that they managed to stay awake.......:whistle:


Actually, I'm messing with you a bit. Whenever I went to Boston on business during the season I always made sure I got tickets for the Red Sox home games and became a real fan. Same with the Celtics in basketball. I also had chances to see the Cowboys play in Dallas, but I'm afraid that American football bores me rigid.

[fred41]

..... American football bores me rigid.

...might want to be a little more careful with the language. This is HA after all.

[robertlouis]

...might want to be a little more careful with the language. This is HA after all.

Indeed, thanks Fred. To avoid ambiguity, I should make it clear that watching an American Football match has never given me an erection. Quite the opposite, in fact. A decent hot dog would win every time. :hide-1:

[fred41]

I should make it clear that watching an American Football match has never given me an erection.

I'm laughing so hard , I think my heart stopped a couple of times.

[bluesoul]

Hey guys, how's THAT for a hijack? :dancing: :party:

its not your best hijack imo. actually, that wasn't even a hijack- more like an announcement and suggestion ballot. i think your best hijacks are the ones where someone asks an honest question, a transsexual replies, then you swoon over the transsexual and you begin a back and forth flattery session until the thread is driven to the ground

but that's just my pick. someone else might appreciate your other hijack methods

[Genetic]

I hate the English/Euro trash under any circumstances LMAOooo

U wot m8?

http://i3.ytimg.com/i/6nt_hhx9FNbTEtEf2_a_8w/mq1.jpg?v=b650f8?feature=og


What the heck kinda Scouser talk is this?


That would be Welsh, not scouse ;)

[robertlouis]

its not your best hijack imo. actually, that wasn't even a hijack- more like an announcement and suggestion ballot. i think your best hijacks are the ones where someone asks an honest question, a transsexual replies, then you swoon over the transsexual and you begin a back and forth flattery session until the thread is driven to the ground

but that's just my pick. someone else might appreciate your other hijack methods

Fuck you too. :fu:

[Willie Escalade]

This as well...

Guy Who Has No Idea About Baseball Calls The Game - YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lrrx5CgdZaA)

[bluesoul]

Fuck you too. :fu:

teach not thy lips such scorn, for they were made
for kissing, robertlouis, not for such contempt...

[robertlouis]

teach not thy lips such scorn, for they were made
for kissing, robertlouis, not for such contempt...

Touche. :Bowdown:

[Amy Gray]

its not your best hijack imo. actually, that wasn't even a hijack- more like an announcement and suggestion ballot. i think your best hijacks are the ones where someone asks an honest question, a transsexual replies, then you swoon over the transsexual and you begin a back and forth flattery session until the thread is driven to the ground

but that's just my pick. someone else might appreciate your other hijack methods

Ohhh, I'm just feeling ever so down today. If only a big strong man would make me feel better about myself...

[danthepoetman]

Ohhh, I'm just feeling ever so down today. If only a big strong man would make me feel better about myself...
God!!! I wish I was somewhere close by!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[robertlouis]

Ohhh, I'm just feeling ever so down today. If only a big strong man would make me feel better about myself...

You know I'd love to comfort you Amy, but in the circumstances...... :whistle:

[Cecil Rhodes]

Buck is absolutely right. We Brits should just piss off and leave the forum to them good ol' merkins.

What a berk.

Deutschland, Deutschland Uber alas

[robertlouis]

Deutschland, Deutschland Uber alas

Freudian slip, Cecil, or do you wish they had won the war after all?

[Cecil Rhodes]

Indeed, thanks Fred. To avoid ambiguity, I should make it clear that watching an American Football match has never given me an erection. Quite the opposite, in fact. A decent hot dog would win every time. :hide-1:

Ever tried a Sausage Nigel ?

[Cecil Rhodes]

Freudian slip, Cecil, or do you wish they had won the war after all?

Which War ?

[robertlouis]

Ever tried a Sausage Nigel ?

Is it a poor man's version of Tournedos Rossini?

[Cecil Rhodes]

Is it a poor man's version of Tournedos Rossini?

It is actually a Puff

[robertlouis]

It is actually a Puff

Must be an English thing then. I wouldn't know. :dancing:

[Cecil Rhodes]

Must be an English thing then. I wouldn't know. :dancing:

It's definitely a UK thing

[robertlouis]

It's definitely a UK thing

Nah, English only. Remember that I grew up in a culture where a bloke who preferred women to football was clearly a homosexual.

[Prospero]

I'm coming to get ya....

[Cecil Rhodes]

Nah, English only. Remember that I grew up in a culture where a bloke who preferred women to football was clearly a homosexual.

I thought you were a soccer fan

[robertlouis]

I'm coming to get ya....

Steady, Nigel.... :dancing:

[Prospero]

Sorry Ralph

[Prospero]

Hey I think it's time to hijack every thread.... so up and at em guys...
This day is called the feast of Crispian:
He that outlives this day, and comes safe home,
Will stand a tip-toe when the day is named,
And rouse him at the name of Crispian.
He that shall live this day, and see old age,
Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbours,
And say 'To-morrow is Saint Crispian:'
Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars.
And say 'These wounds I had on Crispin's day.'
Old men forget: yet all shall be forgot,
But he'll remember with advantages
What feats he did that day: then shall our names.
Familiar in his mouth as household words
Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter,
Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester,
Be in their flowing cups freshly remember'd.
This story shall the good man teach his son;
And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,
From this day to the ending of the world,
But we in it shall be remember'd;
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers;
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile,
This day shall gentle his condition:
And gentlemen in England now a-bed
Shall think themselves accursed they were not here,
And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks
That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day.

[robertlouis]

I thought you were a soccer fan

Yep, and that includes women's football.

Now feel your pointy little head getting ready to explode.... :dancing: :hide-1:.

[Cecil Rhodes]

Yep, and that includes women's football.

Now feel your pointy little head getting ready to explode.... :dancing: :hide-1:.

Soccer in the USA is what the girls play .

[Prospero]

I prefer Polo

[robertlouis]

Soccer in the USA is what the girls play .

And in the rest of the world, guys play soccer too. It's the beautiful game.

[robertlouis]

I prefer Polo

Is that because you're minted?

[alpha2117]

When the English/Euros cats &dolls start commenting on a particular interesting thread, the thread immediately becomes so unreadable that I have to move on, often w/o commenting. Their comments hijacks a thread as they write about themselves and each other, each comment dragging the thread down making it as boring as a Shakespere play/sonnet. They try to out-erudite each other, like a badly written old English comedy show parody of the English culture (or the old Living Color prisioner sketch) And their reviews of escorts are=silly and humerous...unintentionally. They write about how bad the locations where the escorts live at, how the escorts dont look like their picture, how much the guys like getting fucked in the ass...etc... Well escorts, esp. TG escorts, at least here in America, are not living in gated communties. Trust me, I lived in a few, no escort can afford, nor will they be allowed to live in one. So they are going to be living in some shady areas. You do shady bzness, you conduct it in a shady area. Escorts are slso not staying in high class hotels, esp TG escorts. Again affordibilty and hotel security stops that. You do not build a trash plant , jaiil, crack house in Bexley Oh...(google/bing it) And no one, including these Euro punters look like their pictures. When I take a female who I met 3 hours earlier on CL to fuck @ 3am in the grass at a city park I am not taking a snapshot copy if her with me for comparsion. I just want to fuck every hole availible, and do not care where she lives or want something up my ass. Dont care how hard or large, not worried about ambience and the name of some old dead Russian poet.


In one post you lumped every European in one huge bucket and then proceeded to go off on exactly the weird sort of tangent you complained about.

I refuse to stoop to your level and lump everyone from your country into one homogenous group - you on the other hand ... You Sir are an ASSHOLE! An ignorant trolling asshole. So just fuck off now ... okay.

[robertlouis]

In one post you lumped every European in one huge bucket and then proceeded to go off on exactly the weird sort of tangent you complained about.

I refuse to stoop to your level and lump everyone from your country into one homogenous group - you on the other hand ... You Sir are an ASSHOLE! An ignorant trolling asshole. So just fuck off now ... okay.




:Bowdown::Bowdown::Bowdown: Wow, it's taken the rest of us nearly 90 posts to get here, but you've pretty well nailed the debate in three lines.

I salute you for your bluntness and brevity sir and suggest that you run for office forthwith.

[Cecil Rhodes]

In one post you lumped every European in one huge bucket and then proceeded to go off on exactly the weird sort of tangent you complained about.

I refuse to stoop to your level and lump everyone from your country into one homogenous group - you on the other hand ... You Sir are an ASSHOLE! An ignorant trolling asshole. So just fuck off now ... okay.

You are correct . That would be like lumping Asians & Abo[s] in with Ozzies .

[Cecil Rhodes]

Is that because you're minted?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=BbsOCdoyzt4

[danthepoetman]

Must be the Stockholm Syndrome: I loved the highjackers ever since I came to this site!

[MacShreach]

Well, for an obvious troll post it got 10 pages of replies...

[MacShreach]

And BTW does it not stick in my mind that this board is owned by one of those english/euro folks....?

[danthepoetman]

Well, for an obvious troll post it got 10 pages of replies...
Simply because it was fun, and all the more fun to highjack it, Mac!
:banana::party::banana:

[Genetic]

http://archive.4plebs.org/foolfuuka/boards/tg/image/1369/54/1369543245984.jpg


The first recorded aircraft hijack took place on February 21, 1931, in Arequipa, Peru. Byron Rickards, flying a Ford Tri-Motor, was approached on the ground by armed revolutionaries. He refused to fly them anywhere and after a 10-day standoff Rickards was informed that the revolution was successful and he could go in return for giving one group member a lift to Lima. [3]

In the Fort Worth Star-Telegram daily newspaper (morning edition) 19 September 1970, J. Howard "Doc" DeCelles states that he was actually the victim of the first skyjacking in December 1929. He was flying a postal route for the Mexican company Transportes Aeras Transcontinentales, ferrying mail from San Luis Potosí to Toreon and then on to Guadalajara. "Doc" was approached by Gen. Saturnino Cedillo, governor of the state of San Luis Potosí and one of the last remaining lieutenants of Pancho Villa. Cedillo was accompanied by several other men. He was told through an interpreter he had no choice in the matter. "Doc" stalled long enough to convey the information to his boss, who told him to cooperate. He had no maps, but was guided by the men as he flew above Mexican mountains. He landed on a road as directed, and was held captive for several hours under armed guard. He eventually was released with a "Buenos" from Cedillo and his staff. DeCelles kept his flight log, according to the article, but he did not file a report with authorities. "Doc" went on to work for the FAA in Fort Worth after his flying career.[citation needed]

The world's first fatal hijacking occurred on 28 October 1939. Earnest P. “Larry” Pletch shot Carl Bivens, 39, a flight instructor who was offering Pletch lessons in a yellow Taylor Cub monoplane with tandem controls in the air after taking off in Brookfield, Missouri. Bivens, instructing from the front seat, was shot in the back of the head twice. “Carl was telling me I had a natural ability and I should follow that line,” Pletch later confessed to prosecutors in Missouri. "I had a revolver in my pocket and without saying a word to him, I took it out of my overalls and I fired a bullet into the back of his head. He never knew what struck him." The Chicago Daily Tribune called it “One of the most spectacular crimes of the 20th century, and what is believed to be the first airplane kidnap murder on record.” Because it occurred somewhere over three Missouri counties, and involved interstate transport of a stolen airplane, it raised questions in legal circles about where, by whom, and even whether he could be prosecuted. Ernest Pletch pled guilty and was sentenced to life in prison, where he died in June 2001.[4]

Between 1948 and 1957, there were 15 hijackings worldwide, an average of a little more than one per year. Between 1958 and 1967, this climbed to 48, or about five per year. The number dropped to 38 in 1968, but grew to 82 in 1969, the largest number in a single year in the history of civil aviation; in January 1969 alone, eight airliners were hijacked to Cuba.[5] Between 1968 and 1977, the annual average jumped to 41.

In 1973, the Nixon Administration ordered the discontinuance by the CIA of the use of hijacking as a covert action weapon against the Castro regime. Cuban intelligence followed suit. That year, the two countries reached an agreement for the prosecution or return of the hijackers and the aircraft to each other's country. The Taiwanese intelligence also followed the CIA's example-vis-а-vis China.

These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U.S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.

However, the situation has not returned to the pre-1968 level and the number of successful hijackings continues to be high - an average of 18 per annum during the 10-year period between 1988 and 1997, as against the pre-1968 average of five.[2]

In the Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair on 15 June 1970, a group of Soviet refuseniks attempted to hijack a civilian aircraft in order to escape to the West, were caught and spent many years in Soviet prisons. This case is politically distinct in the sense that the government of Israel - which strongly denounced other cases of Aircraft hijacking - endorsed this one and declared its participants to be heroes and martyrs for the Zionist cause. This was denounced as a double standard by left-wing critics such as then Knesset Member Charlie Biton.

On September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaeda Islamic extremists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11, United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines Flight 77, and United Airlines Flight 93 and crashed them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the southwestern side of the Pentagon building, and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania in a terrorist attack. The 2,996 death toll makes the hijackings the most fatal in history.
Military aircraft hijacking
Main article: Rashid Minhas

A Pakistan Air Force T-33 trainer was hijacked on August 20, 1971 before Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 in Karachi when a Bengali instructor pilot, Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman, knocked out the young Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas with the intention of defecting to India with the plane and national secrets. On regaining consciousness in mid-flight, Rashid Minhas struggled for flight control as well as relayed the news of his hijack to the PAF base. In the end of the ensuing struggle he succeeded to crash his aircraft into the ground near Thatta on seeing no way to prevent the hijack and the defection. He was posthumously awarded Pakistan's highest military award Nishan-e-Haider (Sign of the Lion) for his act of bravery.[6][7][8][9][10] Matiur Rahman was awarded Bangladesh's highest military award, Bir Sreshtho, for his attempt to defect to join the civil war in East Pakistan(modern-day Bangladesh).[8]
Mystery hijacking
Main article: D. B. Cooper

D. B. Cooper is perhaps the most famous hijacker of all time and also the case is the only unsolved hijacking in America's aviation history.[11]
Dealing with hijackings

Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, most hijackings involved the plane landing at a certain destination, followed by the hijackers making negotiable demands. Pilots and flight attendants were trained to adopt the "Common Strategy" tactic, which was approved by the FAA. It taught crew members to comply with the hijackers' demands, get the plane to land safely and then let the security forces handle the situation. Crew members advised passengers to sit quietly in order to increase their chances of survival. They were also trained not to make any 'heroic' moves that could endanger themselves or other people. The FAA realized that the longer a hijacking persisted, the more likely it would end peacefully with the hijackers reaching their goal.[12] The September 11 attacks presented an unprecedented threat because it involved suicide hijackers who could fly an aircraft and use it to delibrately crash the airplane into buildings for the sole purpose to cause massive casualties with no warning, no demands or negotiations, and no regard for human life. The "Common Strategy" approach was not designed to handle suicide hijackings, and the hijackers were able to exploit a weakness in the civil aviation security system. Since then, the "Common Strategy" policy in the USA and the rest of the world to deal with airplane hijackings has no longer been used.

Since the attacks, the situation for crew members, passengers and hijackers has changed. United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field as flight attendants and passengers—who had heard about the other three hijacked planes ramming into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon—fought hijackers who were likely flying to crash the plane either into the White House or the United States Capitol. As on Flight 93, crew members and passengers now have to calculate the risks of passive cooperation, not only for themselves but also for those on the ground. Later examples of active passenger and crew member resistance occurred when passengers and flight attendants of American Airlines Flight 63 from Paris to Miami on December 22, 2001, teamed up to help helped prevent Richard Reid from igniting explosives hidden in his shoes. Another example is when a few passengers and flight attendants teamed up to subdue Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab who attempted to detonate explosives sewn into his underwear aboard Northwest Flight 253 on December 25, 2009. Flight attendants and pilots now receive extensive anti-hijacking and self-defense training designed to thwart a hijacking or bombing.
Informing air traffic control

To communicate to air traffic control that an aircraft is being hijacked, a pilot under duress should squawk 7500 or vocally, by radio communication, transmit "(Aircraft callsign); Transponder seven five zero zero." This should be done when possible and safe. An air traffic controller who suspects an aircraft may have been hijacked may ask the pilot to confirm "squawking assigned code." If the aircraft is not being hijacked, the pilot should not squawk 7500 and should inform the controller accordingly. A pilot under duress may also elect to respond that the aircraft is not being hijacked, but then neglect to change to a different squawk code. In this case, the controller would make no further requests and immediately inform the appropriate authorities. A complete lack of a response would also be taken to indicate a possible hijacking. Of course, a loss of radio communications may also be the cause for a lack of response, in which case a pilot would usually squawk 7600 anyway.[13]

On 9/11, the suicide hijackers did not make any attempt to contact ground control to inform anyone about their hijackings, nor engage in any dialogue or negotiations at all. However, the hijacker-pilot of Flight 11 and the ringleader of the terrorist cell, Mohamed Atta, mistakenly transmitted announcements to ATC, meaning to go through the Boeing 767. Also, Amy Sweeney and Betty Ong called the American Airlines office, telling the workers that Flight 11 was hijacked. 9/11 pilot hijacker Ziad Jarrah aboard Flight 93 also made a similar error when he mistakenly transmitted announcements to Cleveland ATC about the hijacking.
Prevention

Cockpit doors on most commercial airliners have been strengthened and are now bullet resistant. In the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Austria, the Netherlands and France, air marshals have also been added to some flights to deter and thwart hijackers. Airport security plays a major role in preventing hijackers. Screening passengers with metal detectors and luggage with x-ray machines helps prevent weapons from being taken on to an aircraft. Along with the FAA, the FBI also monitors terror suspects. Any person who is seen as a threat to civil aviation is banned from flying[citation needed].
Shooting down aircraft

According to reports, U.S. fighter pilots have been trained to shoot down hijacked commercial airliners should it become necessary.[14] Other countries, such as India, Poland, and Russia have enacted similar laws or decrees that allow the shooting down of hijacked planes.[15] Polish Constitutional Court however, in September 2008, decided that the regulations were unconstitutional and dismissed them.[16]
India

In August 2005, India revealed its new anti-hijacking policy.[17] The policy came into force after the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved it. The main points of the policy are:

Any attempt to hijack will be considered an act of aggression against the country and will prompt a response fit for an aggressor.
Hijackers, if captured, will be sentenced to death.
Hijackers will be engaged in negotiations only to bring the incident to an end, to comfort passengers and to prevent loss of lives.
The plane will be shot down if it is deemed to become a missile heading for strategic targets.
The plane will be escorted by armed fighter aircraft and will be forced to land.
A grounded plane will not be allowed to take off under any circumstance.

The list of strategic targets is prepared by the Bureau of Civil Aviation in India. The decision to shoot down a plane is taken by CCS. However, due to the shortage of time, whoever – the prime minister, the defense minister or the home minister – can be reached first will take the call. In situations in which an aircraft becomes a threat while taking off – which gives very little reaction time – a decision on shooting it down may be taken by an Indian Air Force officer not below the rank of Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Operations).
Germany

In January 2005, a federal law came into force in Germany – the Luftsicherheitsgesetz – that allowed "direct action by armed force" against a hijacked aircraft to prevent a 9/11-type attack. However, in February 2006 the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany struck down these provisions of the law, stating such preventive measures were unconstitutional and would essentially be state-sponsored murder, even if such an act would save many more lives on the ground. The main reasoning behind this decision was that the state would effectively be taking the lives of innocent hostages in order to avoid a terrorist attack.[18] The Court also ruled that the Minister of Defense is constitutionally not entitled to act in terrorism matters, as this is the duty of the state and federal police forces. See the German Wikipedia entry, or [1]

The President of Germany, Horst Köhler, himself urged judicial review of the constitutionality of the Luftsicherheitsgesetz after he signed it into law in 2005.
International law issues
Tokyo Convention

The Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft ("Tokyo Convention") is a multilateral convention, done at Tokyo between 20 August and 14 September 1963, coming into force on 4 December 1963, and is applicable to offenses against penal law and to any acts jeopardizing the safety of persons or property on board civilian aircraft while in-flight and engaged in international air navigation.

The convention, for the first time in the history of international aviation law, recognizes certain powers and immunities of the aircraft commander who on international flights may restrain any person(s) he has reasonable cause to believe is committing or is about to commit an offense liable to interfere with the safety of persons or property on board or who is jeopardizing good order and discipline.

Chronologically the first of the passed convention in the Tokyo-Hague-Montreal system was the Tokyo Convention. It may be applied, as it is stated in article 1 of the convention in case of: offenses against penal law; acts which, whether or not they are offenses, may or do jeopardize the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property therein or which jeopardize good order and discipline on board. The Tokyo Convention states in Article 11, defining the so-called unlawful takeover of an aircraft, that the parties signing the agreement are obliged, in case of hijacking or a threat of it, to take all the necessary measures in order to regain or keep control over an aircraft. The detailed analysis of the quoted article shows that in order of an unlawful takeover of an aircraft to take place, and at the same time to start the application of the convention, 3 conditions should be met:

The hijacking or control takeover of an aircraft must be a result of unlawful use of violence or an attempt to use violence;
An aircraft should be “in flight” (that is, according to Article 1, paragraph 3 of the Tokyo Convention, from the moment when power is applied for the purpose of take-off until the moment when the landing run ends);
The unlawful act must be committed on board of an aircraft (that is, by a person being on board of an aircraft, e.g. a passenger or crew member. In case of an assault “from the outside”, such an offense would be treated as an act of aviation piracy)

A general rule agreed upon the Tokyo Convention is that the general penalty jurisdiction towards the offenders committing the crimes included in this convention is performed by the country where the aircraft is registered. Special powers were also given to the captain of the plane. In a situation, when he has justification to assume, that a given person committed or is attempting to commit an act regulated by the convention, he can apply towards that person “reasonable measures” including restraint, under a condition that they do not break the rules enumerated in Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Tokyo Convention. In order to perform them the captain of an aircraft may turn to passengers for help. However, even without the order of the captain, any member of crew or passenger, can take reasonable measures, when he or she has reasonable grounds to believe that such action is necessary to protect the safety of the aircraft, or of people or property therein. The captain may decide to disembark a suspected person on the territory of any country, where the aircraft would land, and that country must agree to that. (Article 8 and 12 of the Convention).
Hague Convention

Signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft contains 14 articles relating to what constitutes hijacking as well as guidelines for what is expected of governments when dealing with hijackings. The convention does not apply to customs, law enforcement or military aircraft, thus its scope appears to exclusively encompass civilian aircraft. Importantly, the convention only comes into force if the aircraft takes off or lands in a place different than its country of registration. For aircraft with joint registration, one country is designated as the registration state for the purpose of the convention.
Montreal Convention
Main article: Montreal Convention
United States administrative law definitions

In United States administrative law, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 14, Aeronautics and Space, also known as the Federal Aviation Regulations, or FARs, are administered by the Federal Aviation Administration. Chapter II – Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation (Aviation Proceedings) Subchapter A – Economics regulations, Part 243 – Passenger manifest information, Section 243.3 Definitions (14 CFR 243.3) says: Air piracy means any seizure of or exercise of control over an aircraft, by force or violence or threat of force or violence, or by any other form of intimidation, and with wrongful intent. Subparagraph (3) further defines an act of air piracy as an Air disaster.[19]
Popular culture

The Hollywood film Air Force One (film) starring Harrison Ford recounts the fictional story of the hijacking of the famous aircraft by six Kazakh ultra-nationalist terrorists.[20]

The film Con Air, starring Nicolas Cage and John Malkovich, features scenes in which an aircraft is hijacked by the maximum-security prisoners on board.[21] The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story was a made-for-TV film based on the actual hijacking of TWA Flight 847, as seen through the eyes of the chief flight attendant Uli Derickson.[22] Passenger 57 is a film starring Wesley Snipes as an airline security expert trapped on a passenger jet when terrorists seize control.[23]

Skyjacked (film) is a 1972 film about a crazed Vietnam war veteran hijacking a Boeing 747 and demanding to be taken to Russia by the captain, Charlton Heston .[24]

The 1986 film The Delta Force starred Chuck Norris and Lee Marvin as leaders of an elite squad of special forces troops tasked with retaking a plane hijacked by Lebanese terrorists. [25]

[Jericho]

Soccer in the USA is what the girls play .


It's called Football, you cock!
That's like us lot calling baseball Rounders...Which is wot our girls play!

[Genetic]

It's called Football, you cock!
That's like us lot calling baseball Rounders...Which is wot our girls play!
QFT!

Jericho ownin bitches all up in this place! (was that American enough?)

[Dino Velvet]

If the glove don't fit but you still can't get an acquit just fling poo if you ain't got shit.

http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m76hfpAEpG1rnzbkv.gif

[Rusty Eldora]

It's called Football, you cock!
That's like us lot calling baseball Rounders...Which is wot our girls play!


Football is what the NFL plays, with 11 Men on the field for each side with a real plan and strategy, not this "Oh I am near a ball" BS.

In the US, MLS (does that stand for Minor League by chance) I think rates behind women's tennis. Of course Women's tennis is so popular because it has cute butts, short skirts, and balls, it just needs sticks to be really popular.

[dderek123]

This is all I see when I try to watch soccer.

http://static4.fjcdn.com/thumbnails/comments/3453059+_c9dc083d0646e893f777c7a4b954dc40.gif

[Jericho]

Football is what the NFL plays, with 11 Men on the field for each side with a real plan and strategy, not this "Oh I am near a ball" BS.


Ah yes, your version of football.
Rugby for girl guides! :shrug

[Willie Escalade]

Football is what the NFL plays, with 11 Men on the field for each side with a real plan and strategy, not this "Oh I am near a ball" BS.

In the US, MLS (does that stand for Minor League by chance) I think rates behind women's tennis. Of course Women's tennis is so popular because it has cute butts, short skirts, and balls, it just needs sticks to be really popular.

In the CFL (which is actually entertaining when I can catch a game), there are 12 men on the field, but only three downs. At least two men can be in motion on offense and the field is bigger.

I'm trying to watch more of it since the NFL keeps jerking Los Angeles around when it comes to placing a team here...and when it comes to getting new stadiums built or renovated for other cities.

Speaking of LA and soccer (sorry, that's what we call it over here), at least we have the two-time defending champion Los Angeles Galaxy! (And to a lesser extent Chivas LA...)

I'd watch Australian rules football as well!

CFL Top 10 Defensive Plays of 2012 - YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avri2Kg2pCs)

Beckham, Donovan, LA Galaxy Crowned MLS Cup 2012 Champions - YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8-H3xQ2-n8)

[dderek123]

I like the CFL but the 3rd down rule causes for so much punting. I'll stick with my MMA.

[Willie Escalade]

I like the CFL but the 3rd down rule causes for so much punting. I'll stick with my MMA.
Now THAT'S some real fighting. Thumbs up.

[danthepoetman]

http://archive.4plebs.org/foolfuuka/boards/tg/image/1369/54/1369543245984.jpg


The first recorded aircraft hijack took place on February 21, 1931, in Arequipa, Peru. Byron Rickards, flying a Ford Tri-Motor, was approached on the ground by armed revolutionaries. He refused to fly them anywhere and after a 10-day standoff Rickards was informed that the revolution was successful and he could go in return for giving one group member a lift to Lima. [3]

In the Fort Worth Star-Telegram daily newspaper (morning edition) 19 September 1970, J. Howard "Doc" DeCelles states that he was actually the victim of the first skyjacking in December 1929. He was flying a postal route for the Mexican company Transportes Aeras Transcontinentales, ferrying mail from San Luis Potosí to Toreon and then on to Guadalajara. "Doc" was approached by Gen. Saturnino Cedillo, governor of the state of San Luis Potosí and one of the last remaining lieutenants of Pancho Villa. Cedillo was accompanied by several other men. He was told through an interpreter he had no choice in the matter. "Doc" stalled long enough to convey the information to his boss, who told him to cooperate. He had no maps, but was guided by the men as he flew above Mexican mountains. He landed on a road as directed, and was held captive for several hours under armed guard. He eventually was released with a "Buenos" from Cedillo and his staff. DeCelles kept his flight log, according to the article, but he did not file a report with authorities. "Doc" went on to work for the FAA in Fort Worth after his flying career.[citation needed]

The world's first fatal hijacking occurred on 28 October 1939. Earnest P. “Larry” Pletch shot Carl Bivens, 39, a flight instructor who was offering Pletch lessons in a yellow Taylor Cub monoplane with tandem controls in the air after taking off in Brookfield, Missouri. Bivens, instructing from the front seat, was shot in the back of the head twice. “Carl was telling me I had a natural ability and I should follow that line,” Pletch later confessed to prosecutors in Missouri. "I had a revolver in my pocket and without saying a word to him, I took it out of my overalls and I fired a bullet into the back of his head. He never knew what struck him." The Chicago Daily Tribune called it “One of the most spectacular crimes of the 20th century, and what is believed to be the first airplane kidnap murder on record.” Because it occurred somewhere over three Missouri counties, and involved interstate transport of a stolen airplane, it raised questions in legal circles about where, by whom, and even whether he could be prosecuted. Ernest Pletch pled guilty and was sentenced to life in prison, where he died in June 2001.[4]

Between 1948 and 1957, there were 15 hijackings worldwide, an average of a little more than one per year. Between 1958 and 1967, this climbed to 48, or about five per year. The number dropped to 38 in 1968, but grew to 82 in 1969, the largest number in a single year in the history of civil aviation; in January 1969 alone, eight airliners were hijacked to Cuba.[5] Between 1968 and 1977, the annual average jumped to 41.

In 1973, the Nixon Administration ordered the discontinuance by the CIA of the use of hijacking as a covert action weapon against the Castro regime. Cuban intelligence followed suit. That year, the two countries reached an agreement for the prosecution or return of the hijackers and the aircraft to each other's country. The Taiwanese intelligence also followed the CIA's example-vis-а-vis China.

These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U.S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.

However, the situation has not returned to the pre-1968 level and the number of successful hijackings continues to be high - an average of 18 per annum during the 10-year period between 1988 and 1997, as against the pre-1968 average of five.[2]

In the Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair on 15 June 1970, a group of Soviet refuseniks attempted to hijack a civilian aircraft in order to escape to the West, were caught and spent many years in Soviet prisons. This case is politically distinct in the sense that the government of Israel - which strongly denounced other cases of Aircraft hijacking - endorsed this one and declared its participants to be heroes and martyrs for the Zionist cause. This was denounced as a double standard by left-wing critics such as then Knesset Member Charlie Biton.

On September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaeda Islamic extremists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11, United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines Flight 77, and United Airlines Flight 93 and crashed them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the southwestern side of the Pentagon building, and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania in a terrorist attack. The 2,996 death toll makes the hijackings the most fatal in history.
Military aircraft hijacking
Main article: Rashid Minhas

A Pakistan Air Force T-33 trainer was hijacked on August 20, 1971 before Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 in Karachi when a Bengali instructor pilot, Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman, knocked out the young Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas with the intention of defecting to India with the plane and national secrets. On regaining consciousness in mid-flight, Rashid Minhas struggled for flight control as well as relayed the news of his hijack to the PAF base. In the end of the ensuing struggle he succeeded to crash his aircraft into the ground near Thatta on seeing no way to prevent the hijack and the defection. He was posthumously awarded Pakistan's highest military award Nishan-e-Haider (Sign of the Lion) for his act of bravery.[6][7][8][9][10] Matiur Rahman was awarded Bangladesh's highest military award, Bir Sreshtho, for his attempt to defect to join the civil war in East Pakistan(modern-day Bangladesh).[8]
Mystery hijacking
Main article: D. B. Cooper

D. B. Cooper is perhaps the most famous hijacker of all time and also the case is the only unsolved hijacking in America's aviation history.[11]
Dealing with hijackings

Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, most hijackings involved the plane landing at a certain destination, followed by the hijackers making negotiable demands. Pilots and flight attendants were trained to adopt the "Common Strategy" tactic, which was approved by the FAA. It taught crew members to comply with the hijackers' demands, get the plane to land safely and then let the security forces handle the situation. Crew members advised passengers to sit quietly in order to increase their chances of survival. They were also trained not to make any 'heroic' moves that could endanger themselves or other people. The FAA realized that the longer a hijacking persisted, the more likely it would end peacefully with the hijackers reaching their goal.[12] The September 11 attacks presented an unprecedented threat because it involved suicide hijackers who could fly an aircraft and use it to delibrately crash the airplane into buildings for the sole purpose to cause massive casualties with no warning, no demands or negotiations, and no regard for human life. The "Common Strategy" approach was not designed to handle suicide hijackings, and the hijackers were able to exploit a weakness in the civil aviation security system. Since then, the "Common Strategy" policy in the USA and the rest of the world to deal with airplane hijackings has no longer been used.

Since the attacks, the situation for crew members, passengers and hijackers has changed. United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field as flight attendants and passengers—who had heard about the other three hijacked planes ramming into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon—fought hijackers who were likely flying to crash the plane either into the White House or the United States Capitol. As on Flight 93, crew members and passengers now have to calculate the risks of passive cooperation, not only for themselves but also for those on the ground. Later examples of active passenger and crew member resistance occurred when passengers and flight attendants of American Airlines Flight 63 from Paris to Miami on December 22, 2001, teamed up to help helped prevent Richard Reid from igniting explosives hidden in his shoes. Another example is when a few passengers and flight attendants teamed up to subdue Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab who attempted to detonate explosives sewn into his underwear aboard Northwest Flight 253 on December 25, 2009. Flight attendants and pilots now receive extensive anti-hijacking and self-defense training designed to thwart a hijacking or bombing.
Informing air traffic control

To communicate to air traffic control that an aircraft is being hijacked, a pilot under duress should squawk 7500 or vocally, by radio communication, transmit "(Aircraft callsign); Transponder seven five zero zero." This should be done when possible and safe. An air traffic controller who suspects an aircraft may have been hijacked may ask the pilot to confirm "squawking assigned code." If the aircraft is not being hijacked, the pilot should not squawk 7500 and should inform the controller accordingly. A pilot under duress may also elect to respond that the aircraft is not being hijacked, but then neglect to change to a different squawk code. In this case, the controller would make no further requests and immediately inform the appropriate authorities. A complete lack of a response would also be taken to indicate a possible hijacking. Of course, a loss of radio communications may also be the cause for a lack of response, in which case a pilot would usually squawk 7600 anyway.[13]

On 9/11, the suicide hijackers did not make any attempt to contact ground control to inform anyone about their hijackings, nor engage in any dialogue or negotiations at all. However, the hijacker-pilot of Flight 11 and the ringleader of the terrorist cell, Mohamed Atta, mistakenly transmitted announcements to ATC, meaning to go through the Boeing 767. Also, Amy Sweeney and Betty Ong called the American Airlines office, telling the workers that Flight 11 was hijacked. 9/11 pilot hijacker Ziad Jarrah aboard Flight 93 also made a similar error when he mistakenly transmitted announcements to Cleveland ATC about the hijacking.
Prevention

Cockpit doors on most commercial airliners have been strengthened and are now bullet resistant. In the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, Austria, the Netherlands and France, air marshals have also been added to some flights to deter and thwart hijackers. Airport security plays a major role in preventing hijackers. Screening passengers with metal detectors and luggage with x-ray machines helps prevent weapons from being taken on to an aircraft. Along with the FAA, the FBI also monitors terror suspects. Any person who is seen as a threat to civil aviation is banned from flying[citation needed].
Shooting down aircraft

According to reports, U.S. fighter pilots have been trained to shoot down hijacked commercial airliners should it become necessary.[14] Other countries, such as India, Poland, and Russia have enacted similar laws or decrees that allow the shooting down of hijacked planes.[15] Polish Constitutional Court however, in September 2008, decided that the regulations were unconstitutional and dismissed them.[16]
India

In August 2005, India revealed its new anti-hijacking policy.[17] The policy came into force after the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved it. The main points of the policy are:

Any attempt to hijack will be considered an act of aggression against the country and will prompt a response fit for an aggressor.
Hijackers, if captured, will be sentenced to death.
Hijackers will be engaged in negotiations only to bring the incident to an end, to comfort passengers and to prevent loss of lives.
The plane will be shot down if it is deemed to become a missile heading for strategic targets.
The plane will be escorted by armed fighter aircraft and will be forced to land.
A grounded plane will not be allowed to take off under any circumstance.

The list of strategic targets is prepared by the Bureau of Civil Aviation in India. The decision to shoot down a plane is taken by CCS. However, due to the shortage of time, whoever – the prime minister, the defense minister or the home minister – can be reached first will take the call. In situations in which an aircraft becomes a threat while taking off – which gives very little reaction time – a decision on shooting it down may be taken by an Indian Air Force officer not below the rank of Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Operations).
Germany

In January 2005, a federal law came into force in Germany – the Luftsicherheitsgesetz – that allowed "direct action by armed force" against a hijacked aircraft to prevent a 9/11-type attack. However, in February 2006 the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany struck down these provisions of the law, stating such preventive measures were unconstitutional and would essentially be state-sponsored murder, even if such an act would save many more lives on the ground. The main reasoning behind this decision was that the state would effectively be taking the lives of innocent hostages in order to avoid a terrorist attack.[18] The Court also ruled that the Minister of Defense is constitutionally not entitled to act in terrorism matters, as this is the duty of the state and federal police forces. See the German Wikipedia entry, or [1]

The President of Germany, Horst Köhler, himself urged judicial review of the constitutionality of the Luftsicherheitsgesetz after he signed it into law in 2005.
International law issues
Tokyo Convention

The Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft ("Tokyo Convention") is a multilateral convention, done at Tokyo between 20 August and 14 September 1963, coming into force on 4 December 1963, and is applicable to offenses against penal law and to any acts jeopardizing the safety of persons or property on board civilian aircraft while in-flight and engaged in international air navigation.

The convention, for the first time in the history of international aviation law, recognizes certain powers and immunities of the aircraft commander who on international flights may restrain any person(s) he has reasonable cause to believe is committing or is about to commit an offense liable to interfere with the safety of persons or property on board or who is jeopardizing good order and discipline.

Chronologically the first of the passed convention in the Tokyo-Hague-Montreal system was the Tokyo Convention. It may be applied, as it is stated in article 1 of the convention in case of: offenses against penal law; acts which, whether or not they are offenses, may or do jeopardize the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property therein or which jeopardize good order and discipline on board. The Tokyo Convention states in Article 11, defining the so-called unlawful takeover of an aircraft, that the parties signing the agreement are obliged, in case of hijacking or a threat of it, to take all the necessary measures in order to regain or keep control over an aircraft. The detailed analysis of the quoted article shows that in order of an unlawful takeover of an aircraft to take place, and at the same time to start the application of the convention, 3 conditions should be met:

The hijacking or control takeover of an aircraft must be a result of unlawful use of violence or an attempt to use violence;
An aircraft should be “in flight” (that is, according to Article 1, paragraph 3 of the Tokyo Convention, from the moment when power is applied for the purpose of take-off until the moment when the landing run ends);
The unlawful act must be committed on board of an aircraft (that is, by a person being on board of an aircraft, e.g. a passenger or crew member. In case of an assault “from the outside”, such an offense would be treated as an act of aviation piracy)

A general rule agreed upon the Tokyo Convention is that the general penalty jurisdiction towards the offenders committing the crimes included in this convention is performed by the country where the aircraft is registered. Special powers were also given to the captain of the plane. In a situation, when he has justification to assume, that a given person committed or is attempting to commit an act regulated by the convention, he can apply towards that person “reasonable measures” including restraint, under a condition that they do not break the rules enumerated in Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Tokyo Convention. In order to perform them the captain of an aircraft may turn to passengers for help. However, even without the order of the captain, any member of crew or passenger, can take reasonable measures, when he or she has reasonable grounds to believe that such action is necessary to protect the safety of the aircraft, or of people or property therein. The captain may decide to disembark a suspected person on the territory of any country, where the aircraft would land, and that country must agree to that. (Article 8 and 12 of the Convention).
Hague Convention

Signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft contains 14 articles relating to what constitutes hijacking as well as guidelines for what is expected of governments when dealing with hijackings. The convention does not apply to customs, law enforcement or military aircraft, thus its scope appears to exclusively encompass civilian aircraft. Importantly, the convention only comes into force if the aircraft takes off or lands in a place different than its country of registration. For aircraft with joint registration, one country is designated as the registration state for the purpose of the convention.
Montreal Convention
Main article: Montreal Convention
United States administrative law definitions

In United States administrative law, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 14, Aeronautics and Space, also known as the Federal Aviation Regulations, or FARs, are administered by the Federal Aviation Administration. Chapter II – Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation (Aviation Proceedings) Subchapter A – Economics regulations, Part 243 – Passenger manifest information, Section 243.3 Definitions (14 CFR 243.3) says: Air piracy means any seizure of or exercise of control over an aircraft, by force or violence or threat of force or violence, or by any other form of intimidation, and with wrongful intent. Subparagraph (3) further defines an act of air piracy as an Air disaster.[19]
Popular culture

The Hollywood film Air Force One (film) starring Harrison Ford recounts the fictional story of the hijacking of the famous aircraft by six Kazakh ultra-nationalist terrorists.[20]

The film Con Air, starring Nicolas Cage and John Malkovich, features scenes in which an aircraft is hijacked by the maximum-security prisoners on board.[21] The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story was a made-for-TV film based on the actual hijacking of TWA Flight 847, as seen through the eyes of the chief flight attendant Uli Derickson.[22] Passenger 57 is a film starring Wesley Snipes as an airline security expert trapped on a passenger jet when terrorists seize control.[23]

Skyjacked (film) is a 1972 film about a crazed Vietnam war veteran hijacking a Boeing 747 and demanding to be taken to Russia by the captain, Charlton Heston .[24]

The 1986 film The Delta Force starred Chuck Norris and Lee Marvin as leaders of an elite squad of special forces troops tasked with retaking a plane hijacked by Lebanese terrorists. [25]
Genetic, you're the best highjacker of them all!!!!!!! :lol:

[Stavros]

Genetic, you're the best highjacker of them all!!!!!!! :lol:

is it a webjack? Even the original wikileaks page doesnt cover the number of films about hijacking, not even the grim but compelling United 93 (Paul Greengrass 2006).
A list including trains, boats and planes is here:

http://www.allmovie.com/characteristic/theme/hijackings-d1444

[Prospero]

I wish a few Albanians or Azeris would join the forum.

[Stavros]

Don't forget the Ingush.

[Prospero]

How could i ... er who?

[alpha2117]

Football is what the NFL plays, with 11 Men on the field for each side with a real plan and strategy, not this "Oh I am near a ball" BS.

In the US, MLS (does that stand for Minor League by chance) I think rates behind women's tennis. Of course Women's tennis is so popular because it has cute butts, short skirts, and balls, it just needs sticks to be really popular.


Umm you do know that the MLS version of Football is really the one played with the Foot right? I dont much like that game but it's the one version of the game that is pretty much true to the description in the name.

Gridiron is Chess with Big Angry Pieces (thats not neccesarily a bad thing). Rugby is a lot of big burly guys having a bit of a cuddle on the ground with occasional kicks for goals. Gaelic is ... well who the hell knows - Soccer crossed with Rugby I guess? AFL gives you points for wildly missing your target but is fun to watch. Rugby League is played in a tiny part of Europe and a couple of States in Australia and NZ and by a few stray Frenchmen and Islanders - probably the best game to watch out of any of them though.

Wednesday week State of Origin Rugby League is on. If you get a chance to watch it on some sort of feed I'd recommend you do it's well worth a couple of hours of your time.

[Prospero]

Soccer... (or as we call it properly in Britain, football) a game of genius... American Football... a game of genes (ie those born with the best brawn rather than brains triumph) Sorry guys...

[Genetic]

Football refers to a number of sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer". Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, including association football, as well as American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby union,[1] and other related games. These variations of football are known as football codes.

Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools in the eighteenth and nineteenth century.[2][3] The influence and power of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside of the directly controlled Empire,[4] though by the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic Football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.[5] In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. During the twentieth century, the various codes of football became amongst the most popular team sports in the world.[6]
Contents

1 Common elements
2 Etymology
3 Early history
3.1 Ancient games
3.2 Medieval and early modern Europe
3.3 Calcio Fiorentino
3.4 Official disapproval and attempts to ban football
4 Establishment of modern codes
4.1 English public schools
4.2 Firsts
4.3 Cambridge rules
4.4 Sheffield rules
4.5 Australian rules
4.6 Football Association
4.7 Rugby football
4.8 North American football codes
4.9 Gaelic football
4.10 Schism in Rugby football
4.11 Globalisation of association football
4.12 Further divergence of the two rugby codes
5 Use of the word "football"
6 Football codes board
7 Present day codes and families
7.1 Association football and descendants
7.2 Rugby school football and descendants
7.3 Irish and Australian varieties
7.4 Surviving medieval ball games
7.5 Surviving UK school games
7.6 Recent inventions and hybrid games
7.7 Tabletop games and other recreations
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References

Common elements

The various codes of football share the following common elements[citation needed]:

Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.
A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
Scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.
Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.
Players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.
Players using only their body to move the ball.

In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts. Other features common to several football codes include: points being mostly scored by players carrying the ball across the goal line; and players receiving a free kick after they take a mark or make a fair catch.

Peoples from around the world have played games which involved kicking or carrying a ball, since ancient times. However, most of the modern codes of football have their origins in England.[7]
Etymology
Main article: Football (word)

There are confilicting explanations of the origin of the word "football". It is widely assumed that the word "football" (or "foot ball") references the action of the foot kicking a ball. There is an alternative explanation, which is that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot. There is no conclusive evidence for either explanation.
Early history
Ancient games
Ancient Greek football player balancing the ball. Depiction on an Attic Lekythos.

The Ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games, some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman game harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a Greek team game known as "ἐπίσκυρος" (Episkyros)[8][9] or "φαινίνδα" (phaininda),[10] which is mentioned by a Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388–311 BC) and later referred to by the Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 AD). These games appear to have resembled rugby football.[11][12][13][14][15] The Roman politician Cicero (106–43 BC) describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barber's shop. Roman ball games already knew the air-filled ball, the follis.[16][17]
A Song Dynasty painting by Su Hanchen, depicting Chinese children playing cuju.

According to FIFA the competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence[18] though this view is disputed by scholars.[19] It occurs namely as an exercise in a military manual from the third and second centuries BC.[18] Documented evidence of an activity resembling football can be found in the Chinese military manual Zhan Guo Ce compiled between the 3rd century and 1st century BC.[20] It describes a practice known as cuju (蹴鞠, literally "kick ball"), which originally involved kicking a leather ball through a small hole in a piece of silk cloth which was fixed on bamboo canes and hung about 9 m above ground. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), cuju games were standardized and rules were established.[citation needed] Variations of this game later spread to Japan and Korea, known as kemari and chuk-guk respectively. Later, another type of goal posts emerged, consisting of just one goal post in the middle of the field.[citation needed]
Paint of a Mesoamerican ballgame player of the Tepantitla murals in Teotihuacan.
A revived version of kemari being played at the Tanzan Shrine, Japan.

The Japanese version of cuju is kemari (蹴鞠), and was developed during the Asuka period.[citation needed]This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several people stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game appears to have died out sometime before the mid-19th century. It was revived in 1903 and is now played at a number of festivals.[citation needed]

There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games, played by indigenous peoples in many different parts of the world. For example, in 1586, men from a ship commanded by an English explorer named John Davis, went ashore to play a form of football with Inuit (Eskimo) people in Greenland.[21] There are later accounts of an Inuit game played on ice, called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal. In 1610, William Strachey, a colonist at Jamestown, Virginia recorded a game played by Native Americans, called Pahsaheman.[citation needed] On the Australian continent several tribes of indigenous people played kicking and catching games with stuffed balls which have been generalised by historians as Marn Grook (Djab Wurrung for "game ball"). The earliest historical account is an anecdote from the 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, in which a man called Richard Thomas is quoted as saying, in about 1841 in Victoria, Australia, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it." Some historians have theorised that Marn Grook was one of the origins of Australian rules football.
An illustration from the 1850s of Australian Aboriginal hunter gatherers. Children in the background are playing a football game, possibly Woggabaliri.[22]

The Māori in New Zealand played a game called Ki-o-rahi consisting of teams of seven players play on a circular field divided into zones, and score points by touching the 'pou' (boundary markers) and hitting a central 'tupu' or target.[citation needed]

Games played in Mesoamerica with rubber balls by indigenous peoples are also well-documented as existing since before this time, but these had more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football.[citation needed]Northeastern American Indians, especially the Iroquois Confederation, played a game which made use of net racquets to throw and catch a small ball; however, although a ball-goal foot game, lacrosse (as its modern descendant is called) is likewise not usually classed as a form of "football."[citation needed]

These games and others may well go far back into antiquity. However, the main sources of modern football codes appear to lie in western Europe, especially England.
Medieval and early modern Europe
Further information: Medieval football

The Middle Ages saw a huge rise in popularity of annual Shrovetide football matches throughout Europe, particularly in England. An early reference to a ball game played in Britain comes from the 9th century Historia Brittonum, which describes "a party of boys ... playing at ball".[23] References to a ball game played in northern France known as La Soule or Choule, in which the ball was propelled by hands, feet, and sticks,[24] date from the 12th century.[25]
An illustration of so-called "mob football"

The early forms of football played in England, sometimes referred to as "mob football", would be played between neighbouring towns and villages, involving an unlimited number of players on opposing teams who would clash en masse,[26] struggling to move an item, such as inflated animal's bladder[27] to particular geographical points, such as their opponents' church, with play taking place in the open space between neighbouring parishes.[28] The game was played primarily during significant religious festivals, such as Shrovetide, Christmas, or Easter,[27] and Shrovetide games have survived into the modern era in a number of English towns (see below).

The first detailed description of what was almost certainly football in England was given by William FitzStephen in about 1174–1183. He described the activities of London youths during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday:

After lunch all the youth of the city go out into the fields to take part in a ball game. The students of each school have their own ball; the workers from each city craft are also carrying their balls. Older citizens, fathers, and wealthy citizens come on horseback to watch their juniors competing, and to relive their own youth vicariously: you can see their inner passions aroused as they watch the action and get caught up in the fun being had by the carefree adolescents.[29]

Most of the very early references to the game speak simply of "ball play" or "playing at ball". This reinforces the idea that the games played at the time did not necessarily involve a ball being kicked.

An early reference to a ball game that was probably football comes from 1280 at Ulgham, Northumberland, England: "Henry... while playing at ball.. ran against David".[30] Football was played in Ireland in 1308, with a documented reference to John McCrocan, a spectator at a "football game" at Newcastle, County Down being charged with accidentally stabbing a player named William Bernard.[31] Another reference to a football game comes in 1321 at Shouldham, Norfolk, England: "[d]uring the game at ball as he kicked the ball, a lay friend of his... ran against him and wounded himself".[30]

In 1314, Nicholas de Farndone, Lord Mayor of the City of London issued a decree banning football in the French used by the English upper classes at the time. A translation reads: "[f]orasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large foot balls [rageries de grosses pelotes de pee][32] in the fields of the public from which many evils might arise which God forbid: we command and forbid on behalf of the king, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future." This is the earliest reference to football.

In 1363, King Edward III of England issued a proclamation banning "...handball, football, or hockey; coursing and cock-fighting, or other such idle games",[33] showing that "football" — whatever its exact form in this case — was being differentiated from games involving other parts of the body, such as handball.

A game known as "football" was played in Scotland as early as the 15th century: it was prohibited by the Football Act 1424 and although the law fell into disuse it was not repealed until 1906. There is evidence for schoolboys playing a "football" ball game in Aberdeen in 1633 (some references cite 1636) which is notable as an early allusion to what some have considered to be passing the ball. The word "pass" in the most recent translation is derived from "huc percute" (strike it here) and later "repercute pilam" (strike the ball again) in the original Latin. It is not certain that the ball was being struck between members of the same team. The original word translated as "goal" is "metum", literally meaning the "pillar at each end of the circus course" in a Roman chariot race. There is a reference to "get hold of the ball before [another player] does" (Praeripe illi pilam si possis agere) suggesting that handling of the ball was allowed. One sentence states in the original 1930 translation "Throw yourself against him" (Age, objice te illi).
France circa 1750

King Henry IV of England also presented one of the earliest documented uses of the English word "football", in 1409, when he issued a proclamation forbidding the levying of money for "foteball".[30][34]

There is also an account in Latin from the end of the 15th century of football being played at Cawston, Nottinghamshire. This is the first description of a "kicking game" and the first description of dribbling: "[t]he game at which they had met for common recreation is called by some the foot-ball game. It is one in which young men, in country sport, propel a huge ball not by throwing it into the air but by striking it and rolling it along the ground, and that not with their hands but with their feet... kicking in opposite directions" The chronicler gives the earliest reference to a football pitch, stating that: "[t]he boundaries have been marked and the game had started.[30]

Other firsts in the mediæval and early modern eras:

"a football", in the sense of a ball rather than a game, was first mentioned in 1486.[34] This reference is in Dame Juliana Berners' Book of St Albans. It states: "a certain rounde instrument to play with ...it is an instrument for the foote and then it is calde in Latyn 'pila pedalis', a fotebal."[30]
a pair of football boots was ordered by King Henry VIII of England in 1526.[35]
women playing a form of football was in 1580, when Sir Philip Sidney described it in one of his poems: "[a] tyme there is for all, my mother often sayes, When she, with skirts tuckt very hy, with girles at football playes."[36]
the first references to goals are in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1584 and 1602 respectively, John Norden and Richard Carew referred to "goals" in Cornish hurling. Carew described how goals were made: "they pitch two bushes in the ground, some eight or ten foote asunder; and directly against them, ten or twelue [twelve] score off, other twayne in like distance, which they terme their Goales".[37] He is also the first to describe goalkeepers and passing of the ball between players.
the first direct reference to scoring a goal is in John Day's play The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green (performed circa 1600; published 1659): "I'll play a gole at camp-ball" (an extremely violent variety of football, which was popular in East Anglia). Similarly in a poem in 1613, Michael Drayton refers to "when the Ball to throw, And drive it to the Gole, in squadrons forth they goe".

Calcio Fiorentino
An illustration of the Calcio Fiorentino field and starting positions, from a 1688 book by Pietro di Lorenzo Bini.
Main article: Calcio Fiorentino

In the 16th century, the city of Florence celebrated the period between Epiphany and Lent by playing a game which today is known as "calcio storico" ("historic kickball") in the Piazza Santa Croce. The young aristocrats of the city would dress up in fine silk costumes and embroil themselves in a violent form of football. For example, calcio players could punch, shoulder charge, and kick opponents. Blows below the belt were allowed. The game is said to have originated as a military training exercise. In 1580, Count Giovanni de' Bardi di Vernio wrote Discorso sopra 'l giuoco del Calcio Fiorentino. This is sometimes said to be the earliest code of rules for any football game. The game was not played after January 1739 (until it was revived in May 1930).
Official disapproval and attempts to ban football
Main article: Attempts to ban football games

Numerous attempts have been made to ban football games, particularly the most rowdy and disruptive forms. This was especially the case in England and in other parts of Europe, during the Middle Ages and early modern period. Between 1324 and 1667, football was banned in England alone by more than 30 royal and local laws. The need to repeatedly proclaim such laws demonstrated the difficulty in enforcing bans on popular games. King Edward II was so troubled by the unruliness of football in London that on April 13, 1314 he issued a proclamation banning it: "Forasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls from which many evils may arise which God forbid; we command and forbid, on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future."

The reasons for the ban by Edward III, on June 12, 1349, were explicit: football and other recreations distracted the populace from practicing archery, which was necessary for war. In 1424, the Parliament of Scotland passed a Football Act that stated it is statut and the king forbiddis that na man play at the fut ball under the payne of iiij d – in other words, playing football was made illegal, and punishable by a fine of four pence.

By 1608, the local authorities in Manchester were complaining that: "With the ffotebale...[there] hath beene greate disorder in our towne of Manchester we are told, and glasse windowes broken yearlye and spoyled by a companie of lewd and disordered persons ..."[38] That same year, the word "football" was used disapprovingly by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare's play King Lear contains the line: "Nor tripped neither, you base football player" (Act I, Scene 4). Shakespeare also mentions the game in A Comedy of Errors (Act II, Scene 1):

Am I so round with you as you with me,
That like a football you do spurn me thus?
You spurn me hence, and he will spurn me hither:
If I last in this service, you must case me in leather.

"Spurn" literally means to kick away, thus implying that the game involved kicking a ball between players.

King James I of England's Book of Sports (1618) however, instructs Christians to play at football every Sunday afternoon after worship.[39] The book's aim appears to be an attempt to offset the strictness of the Puritans regarding the keeping of the Sabbath.[40]
Establishment of modern codes
English public schools
Main article: English public school football games

While football continued to be played in various forms throughout Britain, its "public" schools (known as private schools in other countries) are widely credited with four key achievements in the creation of modern football codes. First of all, the evidence suggests that they were important in taking football away from its "mob" form and turning it into an organised team sport. Second, many early descriptions of football and references to it were recorded by people who had studied at these schools. Third, it was teachers, students and former students from these schools who first codified football games, to enable matches to be played between schools. Finally, it was at English public schools that the division between "kicking" and "running" (or "carrying") games first became clear.

The earliest evidence that games resembling football were being played at English public schools — mainly attended by boys from the upper, upper-middle and professional classes — comes from the Vulgaria by William Herman in 1519. Herman had been headmaster at Eton and Winchester colleges and his Latin textbook includes a translation exercise with the phrase "We wyll playe with a ball full of wynde".[41]

Richard Mulcaster, a student at Eton College in the early 16th century and later headmaster at other English schools, has been described as "the greatest sixteenth Century advocate of football".[42] Among his contributions are the earliest evidence of organised team football. Mulcaster's writings refer to teams ("sides" and "parties"), positions ("standings"), a referee ("judge over the parties") and a coach "(trayning maister)". Mulcaster's "footeball" had evolved from the disordered and violent forms of traditional football:

[s]ome smaller number with such overlooking, sorted into sides and standings, not meeting with their bodies so boisterously to trie their strength: nor shouldring or shuffing one an other so barbarously ... may use footeball for as much good to the body, by the chiefe use of the legges.[43]

In 1633, David Wedderburn, a teacher from Aberdeen, mentioned elements of modern football games in a short Latin textbook called Vocabula. Wedderburn refers to what has been translated into modern English as "keeping goal" and makes an allusion to passing the ball ("strike it here"). There is a reference to "get hold of the ball", suggesting that some handling was allowed. It is clear that the tackles allowed included the charging and holding of opposing players ("drive that man back").[citation needed]

A more detailed description of football is given in Francis Willughby's Book of Games, written in about 1660.[44] Willughby, who had studied at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield, is the first to describe goals and a distinct playing field: "a close that has a gate at either end. The gates are called Goals." His book includes a diagram illustrating a football field. He also mentions tactics ("leaving some of their best players to guard the goal"); scoring ("they that can strike the ball through their opponents' goal first win") and the way teams were selected ("the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness"). He is the first to describe a "law" of football: "they must not strike [an opponent's leg] higher than the ball".[citation needed]

English public schools were the first to codify football games. In particular, they devised the first offside rules, during the late 18th century.[45] In the earliest manifestations of these rules, players were "off their side" if they simply stood between the ball and the goal which was their objective. Players were not allowed to pass the ball forward, either by foot or by hand. They could only dribble with their feet, or advance the ball in a scrum or similar formation. However, offside laws began to diverge and develop differently at each school, as is shown by the rules of football from Winchester, Rugby, Harrow and Cheltenham, during between 1810 and 1850.[45] The first known codes — in the sense of a set of rules — were those of Eton in 1815 [46] and Aldenham in 1825.[46])

During the early 19th century, most working class people in Britain had to work six days a week, often for over twelve hours a day. They had neither the time nor the inclination to engage in sport for recreation and, at the time, many children were part of the labour force. Feast day football played on the streets was in decline. Public school boys, who enjoyed some freedom from work, became the inventors of organised football games with formal codes of rules.

Football was adopted by a number of public schools as a way of encouraging competitiveness and keeping youths fit. Each school drafted its own rules, which varied widely between different schools and were changed over time with each new intake of pupils. Two schools of thought developed regarding rules. Some schools favoured a game in which the ball could be carried (as at Rugby, Marlborough and Cheltenham), while others preferred a game where kicking and dribbling the ball was promoted (as at Eton, Harrow, Westminster and Charterhouse). The division into these two camps was partly the result of circumstances in which the games were played. For example, Charterhouse and Westminster at the time had restricted playing areas; the boys were confined to playing their ball game within the school cloisters, making it difficult for them to adopt rough and tumble running games.[citation needed]
Rugby School

William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School, is said to have "with a fine disregard for the rules of football, as played in his time [emphasis added], first took the ball in his arms and ran with it, thus creating the distinctive feature of the rugby game." in 1823. This act is usually said to be the beginning of Rugby football, but there is little evidence that it occurred, and most sports historians believe the story to be apocryphal. The act of 'taking the ball in his arms' is often misinterpreted as 'picking the ball up' as it is widely believed that Webb Ellis' 'crime' was handling the ball, as in modern soccer, however handling the ball at the time was often permitted and in some cases compulsory,[47] the rule for which Webb Ellis showed disregard was running forward with it as the rules of his time only allowed a player to retreat backwards or kick forwards.

The boom in rail transport in Britain during the 1840s meant that people were able to travel further and with less inconvenience than they ever had before. Inter-school sporting competitions became possible. However, it was difficult for schools to play each other at football, as each school played by its own rules. The solution to this problem was usually that the match be divided into two halves, one half played by the rules of the host "home" school, and the other half by the visiting "away" school.

The modern rules of many football codes were formulated during the mid- or late- 19th century. This also applies to other sports such as lawn bowls, lawn tennis, etc. The major impetus for this was the patenting of the world's first lawnmower in 1830. This allowed for the preparation of modern ovals, playing fields, pitches, grass courts, etc.[48]

Apart from Rugby football, the public school codes have barely been played beyond the confines of each school's playing fields. However, many of them are still played at the schools which created them (see Surviving UK school games below).

Public schools' dominance of sports in the UK began to wane after the Factory Act of 1850, which significantly increased the recreation time available to working class children. Before 1850, many British children had to work six days a week, for more than twelve hours a day. From 1850, they could not work before 6 a.m. (7 a.m. in winter) or after 6 p.m. on weekdays (7 p.m. in winter); on Saturdays they had to cease work at 2 p.m. These changes mean that working class children had more time for games, including various forms of football.
Firsts
Clubs
Main article: Oldest football clubs

Sports clubs dedicated to playing football began in the 18th century, for example London's Gymnastic Society which was founded in the mid-18th century and ceased playing matches in 1796.[49][50]

The first documented club to bear in the title a reference to being a 'football club' were called "The Foot-Ball Club" who were located in Edinburgh, Scotland, during the period 1824–41.[51][52] The club forbade tripping but allowed pushing and holding and the picking up of the ball.[52]

Two clubs which claim to be the world's oldest existing football club, in the sense of a club which is not part of a school or university, are strongholds of rugby football: the Barnes Club, said to have been founded in 1839, and Guy's Hospital Football Club, in 1843. Neither date nor the variety of football played is well documented, but such claims nevertheless allude to the popularity of rugby before other modern codes emerged.

In 1845, three boys at Rugby school were tasked with codifying the rules then being used at the school. These were the first set of written rules (or code) for any form of football.[53] This further assisted the spread of the Rugby game. For instance, Dublin University Football Club—founded at Trinity College, Dublin in 1854 and later famous as a bastion of the Rugby School game—is the world's oldest documented football club in any code.
Competitions
Main article: Oldest football competitions

One of the longest running football fixture is the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, contested between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne every year since 1858. It is believed by many to also be the first match of Australian rules football, although it was played under experimental rules in its first year. The first football trophy tournament was the Caledonian Challenge Cup, donated by the Royal Caledonian Society of Melbourne, played in 1861 under the Melbourne Rules.[54] The oldest football league is a rugby football competition, the United Hospitals Challenge Cup (1874), while the oldest rugby trophy is the Yorkshire Cup, contested since 1878. The South Australian Football Association (30 April 1877) is the oldest surviving Australian rules football competition. The oldest surviving soccer trophy is the Youdan Cup (1867) and the oldest national soccer competition is the English FA Cup (1871). The Football League (1888) is recognised as the longest running Association Football league. The first ever international football match took place between sides representing England and Scotland on March 5, 1870 at the Oval under the authority of the FA. The first Rugby international took place in 1871.
Modern balls
Main article: Football (ball)
Richard Lindon (seen in 1880) is believed to have invented the first footballs with rubber bladders.

In Europe, early footballs were made out of animal bladders, more specifically pig's bladders, which were inflated. Later leather coverings were introduced to allow the balls to keep their shape.[55] However, in 1851, Richard Lindon and William Gilbert, both shoemakers from the town of Rugby (near the school), exhibited both round and oval-shaped balls at the Great Exhibition in London. Richard Lindon's wife is said to have died of lung disease caused by blowing up pig's bladders.[56] Lindon also won medals for the invention of the "Rubber inflatable Bladder" and the "Brass Hand Pump".

In 1855, the U.S. inventor Charles Goodyear — who had patented vulcanized rubber — exhibited a spherical football, with an exterior of vulcanized rubber panels, at the Paris Exhibition Universelle. The ball was to prove popular in early forms of football in the U.S.A.[57]
Modern ball passing tactics
Main article: Passing (association football)

The earliest reference to a game of football involving players passing the ball and attempting to score past a goalkeeper was written in 1633 by David Wedderburn, a poet and teacher in Aberdeen, Scotland.[58] Nevertheless, the original text does not state whether the allusion to passing as 'kick the ball back' ('Repercute pilam') was in a forward or backward direction or between members of the same opposing teams (as was usual at this time)[59]

"Scientific" football is first recorded in 1839 from Lancashire[60] and in the modern game in Rugby football from 1862[61] and from Sheffield FC as early as 1865.[62][63] The first side to play a passing combination game was the Royal Engineers AFC in 1869/70[64][65] By 1869 they were "work[ing] well together", "backing up" and benefiting from "cooperation".[66] By 1870 the Engineers were passing the ball: "Lieut. Creswell, who having brought the ball up the side then kicked it into the middle to another of his side, who kicked it through the posts the minute before time was called"[67] Passing was a regular feature of their style[68] By early 1872 the Engineers were the first football team renowned for "play[ing] beautifully together"[69] A double pass is first reported from Derby school against Nottingham Forest in March 1872, the first of which is irrefutably a short pass: "Mr Absey dribbling the ball half the length of the field delivered it to Wallis, who kicking it cleverly in front of the goal, sent it to the captain who drove it at once between the Nottingham posts"[70] The first side to have perfected the modern formation was Cambridge University AFC[71][72][73] and introduced the 2–3–5 "pyramid" formation.[74][75]
Cambridge rules
Main article: Cambridge rules

In 1848, at Cambridge University, Mr. H. de Winton and Mr. J.C. Thring, who were both formerly at Shrewsbury School, called a meeting at Trinity College, Cambridge with 12 other representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury. An eight-hour meeting produced what amounted to the first set of modern rules, known as the Cambridge rules. No copy of these rules now exists, but a revised version from circa 1856 is held in the library of Shrewsbury School.[76] The rules clearly favour the kicking game. Handling was only allowed when a player catches the ball directly from the foot entitling them to a free kick and there was a primitive offside rule, disallowing players from "loitering" around the opponents' goal. The Cambridge rules were not widely adopted outside English public schools and universities (but it was arguably the most significant influence on the Football Association committee members responsible for formulating the rules of Association football).
Sheffield rules
Main article: Sheffield rules

By the late 1850s, many football clubs had been formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various codes of football. Sheffield Football Club, founded in 1857 in the English city of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, was later recognised as the world's oldest club playing association football.[77] However, the club initially played its own code of football: the Sheffield rules. The code was largely independent of the public school rules, the most significant difference being the lack of an offside rule.

The code was responsible for many innovations that later spread to association football. These included free kicks, corner kicks, handball, throw-ins and the crossbar.[78] By the 1870s they became the dominant code in the north and midlands of England. At this time a series of rule changes by both the London and Sheffield FAs gradually eroded the differences between the two games until the adoption of a common code in 1877.
Australian rules
Main article: Australian rules football
See also: Origins of Australian rules football
An Australian rules football match at the Richmond Paddock, Melbourne, in 1866. A wood engraving by Robert Bruce.

Various forms of football were played in Australia during the Victorian gold rush, from which emerged a distinct and locally popular sport. While these origins are still the subject of much debate the popularisation of the code that is known today as Australian Rules Football is currently attributed to Tom Wills.

Wills wrote a letter to Bell's Life in Victoria & Sporting Chronicle, on July 10, 1858, calling for a "foot-ball club" with a "code of laws" to keep cricketers fit during winter.[79] This is considered by historians to be a defining moment in the creation of the new sport. Through publicity and personal contacts Wills was able to co-ordinate football matches in Melbourne that experimented with various rules,[80] the first recorded of which occurred on July 31, 1858. On 7 August 1858, Wills umpired a relatively well documented schoolboys match between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College. Following these matches, organised football matches rapidly increased in popularity.

Wills and others involved in these early matches formed the Melbourne Football Club (the oldest surviving Australian football club) on May 14, 1859. The first members included Wills, William Hammersley, J.B. Thompson and Thomas H. Smith. They met with the intention of forming a set of rules that would be widely adopted by other clubs.

The backgrounds of the original rule makers makes for interesting speculation as to the influences on the rules. Wills, an Australian of convict heritage was educated in England. He was a rugby footballer, a cricketer and had strong links to indigenous Australians. At first he desired to introduce rugby school rules. Hammersley was a cricketer and journalist who emigrated from England. Thomas Smith was a school teacher who emigrated from Ireland. The committee members debated several rules including those of English public school games. Despite including aspects similar to other forms of football there is no conclusive evidence to point to any single influence. Instead the committee decided on a game that was more suited to Australian conditions and Wills is documented to have made the declaration "No, we shall have a game of our own".[81] The code was distinctive in the prevalence of the mark, free kick, tackling, lack of an offside rule and that players were specifically penalised for throwing the ball.

The Melbourne football rules were widely distributed and gradually adopted by the other Victorian clubs. They were redrafting several times during the 1860s to accommodate the rules of other influential Victorian football clubs. A significant re-write in 1866 by H C A Harrison's committee to accommodate rules from the Geelong Football Club made the game, which had become known as "Victorian Rules", increasingly distinct from other codes. It used cricket fields, a rugby ball, specialised goal and behind posts, bouncing with the ball while running and later spectacular high marking. The form of football spread quickly to other other Australian colonies. Outside of its heartland in southern Australia the code experienced a significant period of decline following World War I but has since grown other parts of the world at an amateur level and the Australian Football League emerged as the dominant professional competition.
Football Association
The first football international, Scotland versus England. Once kept by the Rugby Football Union as an early example of rugby football.
Main article: The Football Association

During the early 1860s, there were increasing attempts in England to unify and reconcile the various public school games. In 1862, J. C. Thring, who had been one of the driving forces behind the original Cambridge Rules, was a master at Uppingham School and he issued his own rules of what he called "The Simplest Game" (these are also known as the Uppingham Rules). In early October 1863 another new revised version of the Cambridge Rules was drawn up by a seven member committee representing former pupils from Harrow, Shrewsbury, Eton, Rugby, Marlborough and Westminster.

At the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street, London on the evening of October 26, 1863, representatives of several football clubs in the London Metropolitan area met for the inaugural meeting of The Football Association (FA). The aim of the Association was to establish a single unifying code and regulate the playing of the game among its members. Following the first meeting, the public schools were invited to join the association. All of them declined, except Charterhouse and Uppingham. In total, six meetings of the FA were held between October and December 1863. After the third meeting, a draft set of rules were published. However, at the beginning of the fourth meeting, attention was drawn to the recently published Cambridge Rules of 1863. The Cambridge rules differed from the draft FA rules in two significant areas; namely running with (carrying) the ball and hacking (kicking opposing players in the shins). The two contentious FA rules were as follows:

IX. A player shall be entitled to run with the ball towards his adversaries' goal if he makes a fair catch, or catches the ball on the first bound; but in case of a fair catch, if he makes his mark he shall not run.

X. If any player shall run with the ball towards his adversaries' goal, any player on the opposite side shall be at liberty to charge, hold, trip or hack him, or to wrest the ball from him, but no player shall be held and hacked at the same time.
—[82]

At the fifth meeting it was proposed that these two rules be removed. Most of the delegates supported this, but F. M. Campbell, the representative from Blackheath and the first FA treasurer, objected. He said: "hacking is the true football". However, the motion to ban running with the ball in hand and hacking was carried and Blackheath withdrew from the FA. After the final meeting on 8 December, the FA published the "Laws of Football", the first comprehensive set of rules for the game later known as Association Football. The term "soccer", in use since the late 19th century, derives from an abbreviation of "Association".[83]

The first FA rules still contained elements that are no longer part of association football, but which are still recognisable in other games (such as Australian football and rugby football): for instance, a player could make a fair catch and claim a mark, which entitled him to a free kick; and if a player touched the ball behind the opponents' goal line, his side was entitled to a free kick at goal, from 15 yards (13.5 metres) in front of the goal line.
Rugby football
Main article: History of rugby union
A rugby scrum in 1871

In Britain, by 1870, there were about 75 clubs playing variations of the Rugby school game. There were also "rugby" clubs in Ireland, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. However, there was no generally accepted set of rules for rugby until 1871, when 21 clubs from London came together to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU). The first official RFU rules were adopted in June 1871. These rules allowed passing the ball. They also included the try, where touching the ball over the line allowed an attempt at goal, though drop-goals from marks and general play, and penalty conversions were still the main form of contest.
North American football codes
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Main articles: History of American football and Canadian football#History

As was the case in Britain, by the early 19th century, North American schools and universities played their own local games, between sides made up of students. Students at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire played a game called Old division football, a variant of the association football codes, as early as the 1820s.
The "Tigers" of Hamilton, Ontario, circa 1906. Founded 1869 as the Hamilton Foot Ball Club, they eventually merged with the Hamilton Flying Wildcats to form the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, a team still active in the Canadian Football League.[84]

The first game of rugby in Canada is generally said to have taken place in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, the first recorded football club in Canada.

In 1869, the first game played in the United States under rules based on the FA code occurred, between Princeton and Rutgers. This is also often considered to be the first U.S. game of college football, in the sense of a game between colleges (although the eventual form of American football would come from rugby, not association football).

Modern American football grew out of a match between McGill University of Montreal, and Harvard University in 1874.[85] At the time, Harvard students are reported to have played the Boston Game — a running code — rather than the FA-based kicking games favoured by U.S. universities. This made it easy for Harvard to adapt to the rugby-based game played by McGill and the two teams alternated between their respective sets of rules. Within a few years, however, Harvard had both adopted McGill's rugby rules and had persuaded other U.S. university teams to do the same. In 1876, at the Massasoit Convention, it was agreed by these universities to adopt most of the Rugby Football Union rules, with some variations. Princeton, Rutgers and others continued to compete using soccer-based rules for a few years before switching to the rugby-based rules of Harvard and its competitors. U.S. colleges did not generally return to soccer until the early 20th century.
Rutgers College Football Team, 1882

In 1880, Yale coach Walter Camp, devised a number of major changes to the American game. Camp's two most important rule innovations in establishing American football as distinct from the rugby football games on which it is based are scrimmage and down-and-distance rules.

Scrimmage refers to the practice of starting action by delivering the ball from the ground to another player's hand. Camp's original rule allowed this delivery to be done only with the feet; the rule was soon changed to allow the ball to be passed by hand. The rule also established a distinct line of scrimmage which separates the two teams from each other. When a player is tackled, he is ruled down and play stops, while the teams reset on either side of the line of scrimmage. Play then resumes with the delivery of the ball. Teams are given a limited number of downs to achieve a certain distance (always measured in yards). In American football, teams are given four downs to advance the ball ten yards, after which possession of the ball changes. In Canadian football, teams are allowed three downs to advance ten yards. These rules created a fundamental distinction between the North American codes and rugby codes. Rugby is still fundamentally a continuous-action game, while North American codes are organized around running discrete "plays", as defined as starting with the delivery from "scrimmage" and ending with the "down".
Criticisms and partial adjustments

"No sport is wholesome in which ungenerous or mean acts which easily escape detection contribute to victory." - Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University (1869-1909) opposing football in 1905.[86]

American football, in its early years, was an excessively violent game, plagued with several deaths and life-changing injuries every year. The violence became so drastic that President Theodore Roosevelt threatened to shut down the game in 1905, should rules not be changed to minimize this violence.[87] Several rule changes were put into place that year, but the most enduring has been the introduction of the legal forward pass which opened up the play and, like Camp's rule changes of the 1880s, fundamentally changed the nature of the sport. When it became legal to throw the ball forward, an entire new method of advancing the ball emerged. As a result, players became more specialized in their roles, as the different positions on the team required different skill sets. Thus, some players are primarily involved in running with the ball (the running back) while others specialize in throwing (the quarterback), catching (the wide receiver), or blocking (the offensive line). With the advent of free substitution rules in the 1940s and 1950s, teams could deploy separate offensive and defensive "platoons" which led to even greater specialization.

Over the years, Canadian football absorbed some developments in American football, but also retained many unique characteristics. One of these was that Canadian football, for many years, did not officially distinguish itself from rugby. For example, the Canadian Rugby Football Union, founded in 1884 was the forerunner of the Canadian Football League, rather than a rugby union body. (The Canadian Rugby Union, today known as Rugby Canada, was not formed until 1965.) American football was also frequently described as "rugby" in the 1880s.
Gaelic football
The All-Ireland Football Final in Croke Park, 2004.
Main article: History of Gaelic football

In the mid-19th century, various traditional football games, referred to collectively as caid, remained popular in Ireland, especially in County Kerry. One observer, Father W. Ferris, described two main forms of caid during this period: the "field game" in which the object was to put the ball through arch-like goals, formed from the boughs of two trees; and the epic "cross-country game" which took up most of the daylight hours of a Sunday on which it was played, and was won by one team taking the ball across a parish boundary. "Wrestling", "holding" opposing players, and carrying the ball were all allowed.

By the 1870s, Rugby and Association football had started to become popular in Ireland. Trinity College, Dublin was an early stronghold of Rugby (see the Developments in the 1850s section, above). The rules of the English FA were being distributed widely. Traditional forms of caid had begun to give way to a "rough-and-tumble game" which allowed tripping.

There was no serious attempt to unify and codify Irish varieties of football, until the establishment of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in 1884. The GAA sought to promote traditional Irish sports, such as hurling and to reject imported games like Rugby and Association football. The first Gaelic football rules were drawn up by Maurice Davin and published in the United Ireland magazine on February 7, 1887. Davin's rules showed the influence of games such as hurling and a desire to formalise a distinctly Irish code of football. The prime example of this differentiation was the lack of an offside rule (an attribute which, for many years, was shared only by other Irish games like hurling, and by Australian rules football).
Schism in Rugby football
An English cartoon from the 1890s lampooning the divide in rugby football which led to the formation of rugby league. The caricatures are of Rev. Frank Marshall, an arch-opponent of player payments, and James Miller, a long-time opponent of Marshall. The caption reads: Marshall: "Oh, fie, go away naughty boy, I don't play with boys who can’t afford to take a holiday for football any day they like!" Miller: "Yes, that's just you to a T; you’d make it so that no lad whose father wasn’t a millionaire could play at all in a really good team. For my part I see no reason why the men who make the money shouldn’t have a share in the spending of it."
Further information: History of rugby league

The International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) was founded in 1886, but rifts were beginning to emerge in the code. Professionalism was beginning to creep into the various codes of football.

In England, by the 1890s, a long-standing Rugby Football Union ban on professional players was causing regional tensions within rugby football, as many players in northern England were working class and could not afford to take time off to train, travel, play and recover from injuries. This was not very different from what had occurred ten years earlier in soccer in Northern England but the authorities reacted very differently in the RFU, attempting to alienate the working class support in Northern England. In 1895, following a dispute about a player being paid broken time payments, which replaced wages lost as a result of playing rugby, representatives of the northern clubs met in Huddersfield to form the Northern Rugby Football Union (NRFU). The new body initially permitted only various types of player wage replacements. However, within two years, NRFU players could be paid, but they were required to have a job outside sport.

The demands of a professional league dictated that rugby had to become a better "spectator" sport. Within a few years the NRFU rules had started to diverge from the RFU, most notably with the abolition of the line-out. This was followed by the replacement of the ruck with the "play-the-ball ruck", which allowed a two-player ruck contest between the tackler at marker and the player tackled. Mauls were stopped once the ball carrier was held, being replaced by a play-the ball-ruck. The separate Lancashire and Yorkshire competitions of the NRFU merged in 1901, forming the Northern Rugby League, the first time the name rugby league was used officially in England.

Over time, the RFU form of rugby, played by clubs which remained members of national federations affiliated to the IRFB, became known as rugby union.
Globalisation of association football
Main article: History of FIFA

The need for a single body to oversee association football had become apparent by the beginning of the 20th century, with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. The English Football Association had chaired many discussions on setting up an international body, but was perceived as making no progress. It fell to associations from seven other European countries: France, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, to form an international association. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in Paris on May 21, 1904. Its first president was Robert Guérin. The French name and acronym has remained, even outside French-speaking countries.
Further divergence of the two rugby codes

Rugby league rules diverged significantly from rugby union in 1906, with the reduction of the team from 15 to 13 players. In 1907, a New Zealand professional rugby team toured Australia and Britain, receiving an enthusiastic response, and professional rugby leagues were launched in Australia the following year. However, the rules of professional games varied from one country to another, and negotiations between various national bodies were required to fix the exact rules for each international match. This situation endured until 1948, when at the instigation of the French league, the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF) was formed at a meeting in Bordeaux.

During the second half of 20th century, the rules changed further. In 1966, rugby league officials borrowed the American football concept of downs: a team was allowed to retain possession of the ball for four tackles (rugby union retains the original rule that a player who is tackled and brought to the ground must release the ball immediately). The maximum number of tackles was later increased to six (in 1971), and in rugby league this became known as the six tackle rule.

With the advent of full-time professionals in the early 1990s, and the consequent speeding up of the game, the five metre off-side distance between the two teams became 10 metres, and the replacement rule was superseded by various interchange rules, among other changes.

The laws of rugby union also changed during the 20th century, although less significantly than those of rugby league. In particular, goals from marks were abolished, kicks directly into touch from outside the 22 metre line were penalised, new laws were put in place to determine who had possession following an inconclusive ruck or maul, and the lifting of players in line-outs was legalised.

In 1995, rugby union became an "open" game, that is one which allowed professional players. Although the original dispute between the two codes has now disappeared — and despite the fact that officials from both forms of rugby football have sometimes mentioned the possibility of re-unification — the rules of both codes and their culture have diverged to such an extent that such an event is unlikely in the foreseeable future.
A player takes a free kick, while the opposition form a "wall", in Association football
Use of the word "football"
For more details on this topic, see Football (word).

The word "football", when used in reference to a specific game can mean any one of those described above. Because of this, much friendly controversy has occurred over the term football, primarily because it is used in different ways in different parts of the English-speaking world. Most often, the word "football" is used to refer to the code of football that is considered dominant within a particular region. So, effectively, what the word "football" means usually depends on where one says it.
Players assemble at the line of scrimmage in an American football game.

Association football is known generally as soccer where other codes of football are dominant, including: the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. American football is always football in the United States. In francophone Quebec, where Canadian football is more popular, the Canadian code is known as football and association football is known as le soccer.[88] Of the 45 national FIFA affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, most currently use Football in their organizations' official names. The FIFA affiliates in Canada and the United States use Soccer in their names.

A few Fédération Internationale de Football Association(FIFA) affiliates have recently "normalized" to using "Football", including:

Australia's association football governing body changed its name in 2007 from using "soccer" to "football"[89]
New Zealand also changed in 2007, saying "the international game is called football."[90]
Samoa changed from "Samoa Football (Soccer) Federation" to "Football Federation Samoa" in 2009.[91][92]

Football codes board
Football Cambridge rules (1848) Association Football (1863)
7-a-side
Beach (1992)
Futsal (1930)
Sheffield rules (1857)
Indoor
Paralympic
Street
Rugby rules (1845)
Rugby union (1871)
Rugby sevens (1883)
Rugby league (1895)
Rugby nines
Beach rugby
Touch rugby
American football (1869) Arena football (1987)
Canadian football (1861) Flag football
Gaelic (1887)
Australian rules (1859)
Present day codes and families
Association football and descendants
Main article: Variants of association football
An indoor soccer game at an open air venue in Mexico. The referee has just awarded the red team a free kick.

Association football, also known as football, soccer, footy and footie
Indoor/basketball court varieties of Football:
Five-a-side football — played throughout the world under various rules including:
Futebol de Salão
Futsal — the FIFA-approved five-a-side indoor game
Minivoetbal — the five-a-side indoor game played in East and West Flanders where it is hugely popular
Papi fut — the five-a-side game played in outdoor basketball courts (built with goals) in Central America.
Indoor soccer — the six-a-side indoor game, known in Latin America, where it is often played in open air venues, as fútbol rápido ("fast football")
Masters Football — six-a-side played in Europe by mature professionals (35 years and older)
Paralympic football — modified Football for athletes with a disability.[93] Includes:
Football 5-a-side — for visually impaired athletes
Football 7-a-side — for athletes with cerebral palsy
Amputee football — for athletes with amputations
Deaf football — for athletes with hearing impairments
Powerchair football — Electric wheelchair soccer
Beach soccer — football played on sand, also known as beach football and sand soccer
Street football — encompasses a number of informal varieties of football
Rush goalie — is a variation of football in which the role of the goalkeeper is more flexible than normal
Headers and Volleys — where the aim is to score goals against a goalkeeper using only headers and volleys
Crab football — players stand on their hands and feet and move around on their backs whilst playing football as normal
Swamp soccer — the game is played on a swamp or bog field
Jorkyball
Rushball

There are also motorsport variations of the game.
Rugby school football and descendants

Rugby football
Rugby league — often referred to simply as "league", and usually known simply as "football" or "footy" in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
Rugby league nines (or sevens)
Touch football (rugby league) — a non-contact version of rugby league. Often called simply "touch", in South Africa it is known as "six down"
Rugby union
Mini rugby a variety for children.
Rugby sevens
Rugby sevens; Fiji v Cook Islands at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne
Rugby tens
Beach rugby — rugby played on sand
Touch rugby — generic name for forms of rugby football which do not feature tackles
Tag Rugby — a non-contact version of rugby, in which a velcro tag is removed to indicate a tackle
Gridiron football
American football — called "football" in the United States and Canada, and "gridiron" in Australia and New Zealand. Sometimes called "tackle football" to distinguish it from the touch versions
Indoor football, arena football — an indoor version of American football
Nine-man football, eight-man football, six-man football — versions of tackle football, played primarily by smaller high schools that lack enough players to field full 11-man teams
Touch football (American) — non-tackle American football
Flag football — non-tackle American football, like touch football, in which a flag that is held by velcro on a belt tied around the waist is pulled by defenders to indicate a tackle
Street football (American) — American football played in backyards without equipment and with simplified rules
Canadian football — called simply "football" in Canada; "football" in Canada can mean either Canadian or American football depending on context
Canadian flag football — non-tackle Canadian football
Nine-man football — similar to nine-man American football, but using Canadian rules; played by smaller schools in Saskatchewan that lack enough players to field full 12-man teams
Six-man football — similar to six-man American football, but using Canadian rules; played by smaller schools in Saskatchewan and Alberta that lack enough players to field full 12 or 9 man teams

See also: Comparison of American football and rugby league, Comparison of American football and rugby union, Comparison of Canadian and American football, and Comparison of rugby league and rugby union
Irish and Australian varieties
International rules football test match from the 2005 International Rules Series between Australia and Ireland at Telstra Dome, Melbourne, Australia.

These codes have in common the absence of an offside rule, the requirement to bounce or solo (toe-kick) the ball while running, handpassing by punching or tapping the ball rather than throwing it, and other traditions.

Australian rules football — officially known as "Australian football", and informally as "football", "footy" or "Aussie rules". In some areas (erroneously) referred to as "AFL", which is the name of the main organising body and competition
Auskick — a version of Australian rules designed by the AFL for young children
Metro footy (or Metro rules footy) — a modified version invented by the USAFL, for use on gridiron fields in North American cities (which often lack grounds large enough for conventional Australian rules matches)
Kick-to-kick – informal versions of the game
9-a-side footy — a more open, running variety of Australian rules, requiring 18 players in total and a proportionally smaller playing area (includes contact and non-contact varieties)
Rec footy — "Recreational Football", a modified non-contact touch variation of Australian rules, created by the AFL, which replaces tackles with tags
Touch Aussie Rules — a non-contact variation of Australian Rules played only in the United Kingdom
Samoa rules — localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields
Masters Australian football (a.k.a. Superules) — reduced contact version introduced for competitions limited to players over 30 years of age
Women's Australian rules football — played with a smaller ball and (sometimes) reduced contact version introduced for women's competition
Gaelic football — Played predominantly in Ireland. Commonly referred to as "football" or "Gaelic"
Ladies Gaelic football
International rules football — a compromise code used for games between Gaelic and Australian Rules players

See also: Comparison of Australian rules football and Gaelic football
Surviving medieval ball games
Inside the UK

The Haxey Hood, played on Epiphany in Haxey, Lincolnshire
Shrove Tuesday games
Scoring the Hales in Alnwick, Northumberland
Royal Shrovetide Football in Ashbourne, Derbyshire
The Shrovetide Ball Game in Atherstone, Warwickshire
The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers in Corfe Castle, Dorset
Hurling the Silver Ball at St Columb Major in Cornwall
The Ball Game in Sedgefield, County Durham
In Scotland the Ba game ("Ball Game") is still popular around Christmas and Hogmanay at:
Duns, Berwickshire
Scone, Perthshire
Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands

Outside the UK

Calcio Fiorentino — a modern revival of Renaissance football from 16th century Florence.

Surviving UK school games
Harrow football players after a game at Harrow School.

Games still played at UK public (independent) schools:

Eton field game
Eton wall game
Harrow football
Winchester College football

Recent inventions and hybrid games

Keepie uppie (keep up)

is the art of juggling with a football using feet, knees, chest, shoulders, and head.

Footbag

is a small bean bag or sand bag used as a ball in a number of keepie uppie variations, including hacky sack (which is a trade mark).

Freestyle football

a modern take on keepie uppie where freestylers are graded for their entertainment value and expression of skill.

Based on FA rules

Cubbies
Three sided football
Triskelion

Based on rugby

Force ’em backs a.k.a. forcing back, forcemanback

Hybrid games

Austus

a compromise between Australian rules and American football, invented in Melbourne during World War II.

Bossaball

mixes Association football and volleyball and gymnastics; played on inflatables and trampolines.

Footvolley

mixes Association football and beach volleyball; played on sand

Note: although similar with football and volleyball in some aspects, Sepak takraw has ancient origins and cannot be considered an hybrid game.

Football tennis

mixes Association football and tennis

Kickball

a hybrid of Association football and baseball, invented in the United States in about 1942.

Speedball (American)

a combination of American football, soccer, and basketball, devised in the United States in 1912.

Universal football

a hybrid of Australian rules and rugby league, trialled in Sydney in 1933.[94]

Volata

a game resembling Association football and European handball, devised by Italian fascist leader, Augusto Turati, in the 1920s.

Wheelchair rugby

also known as Murderball, invented in Canada in 1977. Based on ice hockey and basketball rather than rugby.

Tabletop games and other recreations
Based on Football (soccer)

Subbuteo
Blow football
Table football — also known as foosball, table soccer, babyfoot, bar football or gettone
Fantasy football (soccer)
Button football — also known as Futebol de Mesa, Jogo de Botões
Penny football
FIFA Video Games Series
Pro Evolution Soccer
Mario Strikers

Based on American football

Paper football
Blood Bowl
Fantasy football (American)
Madden NFL

Based on Australian football

AFL video game series
List of AFL video games

Based on Rugby League football

Sidhe's Rugby League series
Rugby League 3
Australian Rugby League

See also

Football field (unit of length)
List of players who have converted from one football code to another
Names for association football
1601 to 1725 in sports: Football
Footgolf

[Prospero]

That is quite a Hijack Genetic. if you think I am going to spend the rest of my day reading it... well ferrgettt it buster

[jndupu]

The place might look like this, without you, guys, litterally and metaphorically...


I could beat off to that, requires very little imagination ... sculpted sun-kissed lady navels, rolling hills of tanned booty, wisps of pubic hair.

As the English say, I'll get my coat.

[Stavros]

That is quite a Hijack Genetic. if you think I am going to spend the rest of my day reading it... well ferrgettt it buster

Another wikileaks webjack....a link would be sufficient in other threads.

[Genetic]

Another wikileaks webjack....a link would be sufficient in other threads.

But in this thread all bets are off!

[Castor_Troy05]

Am I too late for the hijacking?

[MacShreach]

<fucking big snip>
Footgolf
Footgolf? FOOTGOLF?!?!

[Castor_Troy05]

Footgolf? FOOTGOLF?!?!

You've never played the noble sport of footgolf?

I believe it's what one does when they have procured golf balls from wayward players, and subsequently utilises their foot to partake in a series of kicking motions towards a predetermined cavity in the ground

[MacShreach]

Ha, no, I just play the old newsman's trick of only reading the first and last sentences...

[mellownella]

British..I agree it's our fault! We didn't exactly send the best or the brightest to get the party started in the first place!

[LexusFire]

So theres gotta be a pic of a hot chick in this debate somewhere?

No....

Damn...

[brooksglass]

It's appears to be the case that we are all indeed forum wankers.

[Jericho]

It's appears to be the case that we are all indeed forum wankers.


Indeed...Tho some more than others! :shrug

[buckjohnson]

Ok I have a sense of humor. Nice ironic parody of a hijact thread. I deserved it. And after 15 pages no naked woman. Now that is irony.

[Prospero]

You missed Lexusfire's post then .... great to see one of the dumber threads getting a new lease of life. I love dumb... cos I is English

[SammiValentine]

Bloody English hooligans always ruining everything for everyone. Damn bad sports I agree old chap!

[robertlouis]

Bloody English hooligans always ruining everything for everyone. Damn bad sports I agree old chap!


Quite right Sammi. You'd never get the Scots misbehaving like that. ;)

[Ben in LA]

You missed Lexusfire's post then .... great to see one of the dumber threads getting a new lease of life. I love dumb... cos I is English

That chick wasn't naked. :whistle:

[Prospero]

Oh I see naked as in TOTALLY naked...lol.... she had her tackle on show and a hard on. That doesn't count? Me is one DUMB Englishman

[cassieukts]

Nah Willie. That's the beach at Southport in Lancashire when the tide's out.
the tide is always out at southport

[girl]

i’m also from europe ... :jerkoff

http://31.media.tumblr.com/26e895f87a1fed36b0ccef8771cf42dd/tumblr_mtlbuqHl0C1r8z1gdo2_500.jpg

[maddygirl]

Lol, what the hell does all that even mean? Buck Johnson. Were you high when you wrote this or something, or just another example of why this country is going downhill? Criticizing entire continents of people is very, very ignorant.

[buckjohnson]

Lol, what the hell does all that even mean? Buck Johnson. Were you high when you wrote this or something, or just another example of why this country is going downhill? Criticizing entire continents of people is very, very ignorant.

Let's see. I ooly blzme rhe Euros for modern warfare, catholic church, punk music, russell brand, royals, copyright infringement, + (stealing frim old blues musicians cats), colonialism, tring to kill Bruce Willis in Die Hard, slavery, raping and robbing an entie continent (Africa). We can start there. Hijacking threads with stupidity is very minor. Where are the naked girls???

[buckjohnson]

I forgot starting the whole gay shit and inventing barebacking ass fucking, which leaad to Aiids

[Prospero]

Ho ho ho... the man is an historian as well as a dunderhead... I like him

[Jimmy W]

Slavery? Did you know Barbary Pirates captured and enslaved about 7,000 British sailors back in slavery days? If you want to pick on them, complain about watching a JOI video where a British girl keeps telling you to 'wank your prick' for her. I dare you to not laugh.

[broncofan]

What a stupid thread this is. The last two posts take the cake with the historical recitation of all the wrongs attributed to the people of Europe. You can tell he includes a couple of silly ones to look like he's making a joke, with a few attempts at seriousness to make a point. What an embarrassing display of ignorance by Buck Johnson.

And to think it had its beginnings in one giant incoherent paragraph, after a subtitle that claimed some threads were becoming "self-absorbing". Where did it all go wrong?

[Vitress Tamayo]

OMG! I loike this cock rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...........

Xoxoxo Regards Vitress Tamayo


i’m also from europe ... :jerkoff

http://31.media.tumblr.com/26e895f87a1fed36b0ccef8771cf42dd/tumblr_mtlbuqHl0C1r8z1gdo2_500.jpg

[Jimmy W]

It all went wrong when BRONCOFAG decided to opine

[Jimmy W]

See what I did there? I took the immature route!

[broncofan]

It all went wrong when BRONCOFAG decided to opine
Wow, that's super clever. I have no clue who you are but if that's your idea of a good insult, you need a bit of development.

[broncofan]

See what I did there? I took the immature route!
Naturally. When I said the last two posts in that previous post, you thought I was referring to you, but I was not. I meant the last two posts by Buck Johnson. If you didn't think so then you're very protective of him.

So really it's Buck Johnson who should call me Broncofag.

[buckjohnson]

Also blam the Euros for shakesphere nonsense, silly love song, introducing polio and VD to the Americans, greek as an ass fucking, serial killers, Benny Hill, Swedish singing groups, flying death traps, non-flouradated water, maid rapists, and granny porn. Thanks Euros!!!

[cassieukts]

i’m also from europe ... :jerkoff

http://31.media.tumblr.com/26e895f87a1fed36b0ccef8771cf42dd/tumblr_mtlbuqHl0C1r8z1gdo2_500.jpg
wow bendy dick. can u shag around corners?

[Ananke]

You may wish to know that the British do not like being put in he same bag as the rest of Europe ;)

[Prospero]

And the Scots do not like being put in the same "bag' as the british

[Ananke]

And the Welsh, and the Irish and, and...
In fact nobody likes his neighbour...lol

[RallyCola]

You may wish to know that the British do not like being put in he same bag as the rest of Europe ;)

play nice and one day you might get to use the euro too

[poolster]

Also blam the Euros for shakesphere nonsense, silly love song, introducing polio and VD to the Americans, greek as an ass fucking, serial killers, Benny Hill, Swedish singing groups, flying death traps, non-flouradated water, maid rapists, and granny porn. Thanks Euros!!!

Don't be hating on my man Benny Hill!!!

[Prospero]

John Bull

[robertlouis]

John Bull

You forgot to add the "....shit".

[Prospero]

I knew that was coming from someone - but you? even after i put in a stout defence of you scots... well really

[Jericho]

Also blam the Euros for shakesphere nonsense, silly love song, introducing polio and VD to the Americans, greek as an ass fucking, serial killers, Benny Hill, Swedish singing groups, flying death traps, non-flouradated water, maid rapists, and granny porn. Thanks Euros!!!


And the internet, you buckwit, with which you're insulting us! :geek:

[simonisthebest]

this what happen when people take internet too seriously ...u cant be serious buckjohnson moaning about minor stuff

[Prospero]

I think Buck was either 1. stoned or 2. having a laugh when he posted all this stuff.

[fivekatz]

You may wish to know that the British do not like being put in he same bag as the rest of Europe ;)No shock there. Hard to imagine but just 100 years ago they were the most powerful empire on earth!

[robertlouis]

No shock there. Hard to imagine but just 100 years ago they were the most powerful empire on earth!



Which is pretty much how they'll talk about the US when the Chinese take over.... :dancing:

[robertlouis]

Also blam the Euros for shakesphere nonsense, silly love song, introducing polio and VD to the Americans, greek as an ass fucking, serial killers, Benny Hill, Swedish singing groups, flying death traps, non-flouradated water, maid rapists, and granny porn. Thanks Euros!!!


Non-flouradated? WTF is that? :confused:

We also gave you the language in which you so ungrammatically insult us, by the way......

[Quinn]

I would like to thank the Brits for teaching us all about meth mouth before meth was even an issue:

https://deadhomersociety.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/thebigbookofbritishsmiles.png

[runningdownthatdream]

Non-flouradated? WTF is that? :confused:

We also gave you the language in which you so ungrammatically insult us, by the way......

Not that I'm siding with Buck on what appears to be one of his many drunken rants, but about that giving of language thing...................one could say you did although the lesson started while shackled in chains on a slave ship crossing the Atlantic, and failure to accept the gift of said language could - and would often - result in a severe whipping and occasionally death. I'd say that most black people would have chosen to speak their native languages, practice their native religions, etc, had they been given a choice.

You being a Scot likely know that pain as well since I seem to recall the Scots were forced to give up Gaelic under similar circumstances - am I right?

[maaarc]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH-cQ3DKR_w

I agree it"s high time that these pompous euros most especially the Boring Brits be put their places!!!

I mean what did Euro civilization ever give to America except just about everything of real value.

Rule Britannia!

[dderek123]

What about Canada, eh?

We never got anything of value from the brits either!

http://25.media.tumblr.com/f404bfec6643c68bb9dd6676af4c1663/tumblr_mtanx0poHz1qdlh1io1_400.gif

[maaarc]

That's right dderek123! The Brits have invaded 9 outta 10 countries on the face of the earth! and what did the bastards give em? other than education, peace blah blah blah substitute Brits for Romans in this video and that's about it

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExWfh6sGyso

[robertlouis]

Not that I'm siding with Buck on what appears to be one of his many drunken rants, but about that giving of language thing...................one could say you did although the lesson started while shackled in chains on a slave ship crossing the Atlantic, and failure to accept the gift of said language could - and would often - result in a severe whipping and occasionally death. I'd say that most black people would have chosen to speak their native languages, practice their native religions, etc, had they been given a choice.

You being a Scot likely know that pain as well since I seem to recall the Scots were forced to give up Gaelic under similar circumstances - am I right?

The Highland Scots endured the Clearances, the proscription of Gaelic and the wearing of the kilt, but I would never dare even to contemplate comparing their sufferings to the atrocity of slavery.

It's also true that we Brits tend to forget that most of the ills that have emanated from the lower 48 originated under our rule as the colonial masters. We do superior smugness rather too well.

And the exploration and colonisation of Canada, for good or ill, was largely down to the French and the Scots. Ironically the only time that the Auld Alliance came together.

Well, yes, it was after the unpleasantness of the Seven Years War. Just think, if Wolfe hadn't taken the Heights of Abraham in 1759 we might all be speaking French and the world would be very different.

[robertlouis]

What about Canada, eh?

We never got anything of value from the brits either!




You got NOT having to be part of the USA. Ungrateful bastards. :wiggle:

[maaarc]

You got NOT having to be part of the USA. Ungrateful bastards. :wiggle:


you mean Canada isn't a part of the United states?:joke:

[mellownella]

It is all our fault...As we didn't exactly send the best and the brightest to get the party started in the first place. They had witch trials...and we had erm..oh! The Renaissance!

[fred41]

It is all our fault...As we didn't exactly send the best and the brightest to get the party started in the first place. They had witch trials...and we had erm..oh! The Renaissance!

You do realize England and a large portion of the rest of Europe had witch trials also...right?

[Ananke]

Let's be grateful Napoleon was defeated in Waterloo!
Europe would be quite different now!

[Jericho]

..............

[runningdownthatdream]

..............

the hijackers got hijacked.......

[Jimmy W]

Sorry Bronco Fan, I was just feeling lazy so I took a cheap shot and you got in the way. My allegiance to Buck begins and ends with him telling me who Marry Queen is two years ago. Other than that, this whole thread is either a work or, based on the deplorable spelling, Buck needs to crawl out of the bottle.

[fivekatz]

For all the fun or not so fun back and forth, the Brit and for that matter much of Western Europe is just a mirror of the USA. The continent was after all occupied by Europeans who systematically cleansed it of native Americans with a thoroughness that would have been the envy of Hitler.

The world is what it is today because the Europeans knew steel and crafted weapons with it, carried germs with them that they had immunity to and no idea the native peoples would not.

They traveled this hemisphere spreading their religion, culture etc.

Heads on pikes in the middle of town square was a very popular ritual to show Euro domination.

While parts of the US culture reflect the culture of the Africans we enslaved and the unwanted Euros of the time that migrated to the USA, the greatest influences both in terms of enlightened thought towards democracy to a love of empire are our rightful inheritance from the UK

[fivekatz]

The last post aside I enjoy the international flavor of this forum. It in part fittingly demonstrates that we all maybe different but we also regardless of birth culture have many off same emotions, drives and cares.

JUst my take so I hope the Brits keep on "highjacking" threads

[Prospero]

You guys do realise that this site is owned and operated by an Englishman, don't you....

[Ananke]

You guys do realise that this site is owned and operated by an Englishman, don't you....
How come I'm not surprised?